Shoulder - muscles (upward and downward rotation)

Question 1

Name the 3 upward rotators of the shoulder and identify where they are located on the human body (if unable check on Complete Anatomy)

Answer 1

o Combination of activation of descending fibres of trapezius, serratus anterior pulling the inferior angle of the scapula upwards, and some inferior fibres of trapezius pulling fibres down

Question 2

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the descending fibres of trapezius?

Answer 2

 Origin – External occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital boke, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7 vertebra
 Insertion – Posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion of scapula
 Innervation – Accessory nerve, anterior rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves

Question 3

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the serratus anterior?

Answer 3

o Origin – External surfaces of 1st-9th ribs
o Insertion – Medial border of scapula
o Innervation – Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Question 4

Name the 3 downward rotators of the shoulder and identify where they are located on the human body (if unable check on Complete Anatomy)

Answer 4

Combination of actions of levator of scapula, rhomboids, pectoralis minor pulling coracoid process

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the levator scapulae?

Answer 5

o Origin – Transverse processes of C1-C2 vertebrae, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C4 vertebrae
o Insertion – Superior angle of scapula, medial border of scapula superior to spine of scapula
o Innervation – Anterior rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves, dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 6

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the rhomboid minor?

Answer 6

o Origin – Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
o Insertion – Medial border of scapula adjacent to spine of scapula
o Innervation – Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

Question 7

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the rhomboid major?

Answer 7

o Origin – Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
o Insertion – Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula
o Innervation – Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

Question 8

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 8

o Origin – Anterior ends of 3rd-5th ribs
o Insertion – Coracoid process of scapula
o Innervation – Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)