Shoulder, Breast, & Pectoral Region Flashcards
The superior surface of the clavicle is an attachment point for which four muscles?
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
- Pectoralis Major
- Deltoid
Which muscle(s) attach to the greater tubercle? Lesser tubercle?
Greater Tubercle = Sit muscles
- Supraspinatus - Suprascapular N.
- Infraspinatus - Suprascapular N.
- Teres Minor - axillary N.
Lesser Tubercle = Subscapularis Muscle (sits on the subscapular fossa) - [Subscapular N]
- Teres Major
Pectoralis Major Muscle
O: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs, anterior layer of rectus sheath
I: Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus
A: Flex and Adducts Arm, rotats medially*
N: Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves
B: Pectoral Branch of Thoracro
Pectoralis Minor Muscle
O: Surface of upper margin of ribs
I: Coracoid Process of Scapula
A: lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula
N: Medial pectoral Nerve
Subclavius Muscle
O:Upper border of 1st rib
I: Middle third of clavicle
A: DEPRESSION of the clavicle*, stabilizes the clavicle
N: Nerve to Subclavius
Serratus Anterior
O: Surface of 8-9 ribs I: Costal surface of medial border of scapula A: PRIMARY STABILIZER of the SCAPULA N: Long Thoracic Nerve B: Lateral Thoracic Artery * Winged Scapula arises when this is cut
What six muscles originate from the Scapula?
- Deltoid
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Teres Major
Deltoid Muscle
** CANNOT initiate abduction of the humerus (this is supraspinatus muscle)
O: Scapula, clavicle, acromion
I: Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus
A: Abduction past the first 15-20 degrees
- flexion, internal rotation and extension
N: Axillary Nerve (same as for Teres Minor)
B: Deltoid Branch of thoracoacromial trunk
Teres Major
O: Inferior angle of Scapula I: Lesser tubercle of Humerus A: medial rotation of the humerus, weak adduction N: Lower Subscapular Nerve B: Circumflex Scapular A.
Teres Minor
O: Lateral Border of Scapula I: Greater tubercle of Humerus A: Laterally rotates arm (external) + weak adduction and extension N: Axillary Nerve B: Circumflex Scapular A.
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
SItS
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
- hold the head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Supraspinatus Muscle
O: Supraspinous fossa of Scapula I: Greater Tuberacle A: initiates ABDuction for first 15-20 degrees N: Suprascapular Nerve B: Suprascapular Artery
Infraspinatus Muscle
O: Infraspinous fossa of Scapula I: Greater Tubercle A: Lateral Rotation of Arm (with Teres Minor) N: Suprascapular N. A: Suprascapular Artery
Subscapularis Muscle
O: Subscapular Fossa of Scapula I: Lesser Tubercle of Humerus A: Medial rotation of humerus N: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve B: Subscapular Artery
What structures create the border for the Quadrangular Space? What runs through this space?
- teres minor (S), teres major (i), long head of triceps (M) & humerus (L)
- Axillary Nerve (teres minor & deltoid)
- Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
What structures create the border for the Triangular Space? What runs through this space?
Teres minor, Teres Major, Long Head of Triceps
- circumflex scapular artery (branch off the sub scapular artery along with thoracodorsal)
What structures create the border for the Triangular Interval? What runs through this space?
Teres Major, Long head of Triceps (medially), Lateral head of Triceps (laterally)
- radial nerve
- profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
What is impingement syndrome? What is it associated with?
Rubbing and clicking of shoulder on overhead motion
- associated with tendinitis and rotator cuff problems
What injury results in the inability to raise shoulder?
Rotator Cuff Tear
What is the name for the extension of the Subclavian Artery once it hits the first rib?
What are the blood vessels that arise from it?
Axillary artery - pectoralis minor muscle is the point of reference Divided into three parts: 1. Superior Thoracic Artery 2. Under PEC MINOR, two branches: a) Thoracoacromial Trunk Acromial Pectoral Clavicular Deltoid b) Lateral Thoracic Artery 3. a) Subscapular Artery - Circumflex Scapular (triangular space) - Thoracodorsal (to latissimuss dorsi) b) Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery c) Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery (quad. space)
What is found in the areolae?
Sebaceous Glands
- AKA areolar glands (glands of Montgomery)
Where do lactiferous ducts open?
The tips of the nipple
What is a lobule and how many per breast?
What separates one lobule from another?
Breast tissue which is drained by 1 lactiferous duct
- separated by suspensory ligaments
- 15-20 lobules per breast
What is the arterial supply for the breast?
- Internal Thoracic Artery
- Lateral Thoracic Artery and Thoracoacromial Arteries
- Posterior Intercostal Arteries
What is the name of the lymph drains of the breast?
Axillary Lymph Nodes
The most frequent area of breast cancer is located where?
Superior - lateral (upper left hand side near armpit)
5 main categories of lymph nodes where the breast drains to
CLASP - central, lateral, apical, subscapular, pectoral Nodes
If one cannot raise or abduct the arm, which muscle is likely to be injured?
Supraspinatus
If an occlusion forms in the axillary artery, can an individual still have a radial pulse?
Yes,
Suprascapular Artery and Circumflex Scapular Artery
What pierces the clavipectoral fascia?
TLC
- thoracoacromial trunk
- lateral pectoral nerve
- cephalic vein
