Back Flashcards
Trapezius
Name the:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Nerve
ORIGIN Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12
INSERTION Upper fibers to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle; lower to medial acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
ACTION laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes neck
NERVE Spinal accessory nerve (C1-5)
Latissimus Dorsi
Name the:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Nerve
ORIGIN
Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and inferior angle of scapula
INSERTION
Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major
ACTION
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration
NERVE
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord)
Levator Scapulae
ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4
INSERTION
Upper part of medial border of scapula
ACTION
Raises medial border of scapula
NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Rhomboid Major
ORIGIN
Spines of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligaments
INSERTION
Lower half of posteromedial border of scapula, from angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular spine
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root )
Rhomboid Minor
ORIGIN
Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1
INSERTION
Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below levator scapulae
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root)
Serratus Posterior Superior
ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 2-5
ACTION
Assists forced inspiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T2-5
Serratus Posterior Inferior
ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12
ACTION
Assists forced expiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T9-12)
Name the three Erector Spinae Muscles
- Spinalis
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
Erector Spinae - Spinalis
ORIGIN
Spinous processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes six levels above
ACTION
Lateral flexion of spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami
Erector Spinae - Iliocostalis
ORIGIN
Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION
Ribs, cervical transverse processes
ACTION
Extends and lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami
Erector Spinae - Longissimus
ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Transverse processes several levels above
ACTION
Extends spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami
Splenius Capitis
ORIGIN
Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-3
INSERTION
Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
ACTION
Extends and rotates cervical spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C3, 4
Semispinalis
ORIGIN
Transverse process of C4-T12
INSERTION
Spinous process of cervical and thoracic regions
ACTION
Extends neck, head, and thorax, and rotates them to opposite sides
NERVE
Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves
Long thoracic nerve innervates what?
Serratus Anterior
Clinical Application: Winged Scapula occurs when the Long Thoracic nerve is cut
Accessory Spinal Nerve (Cranial Nerve 11) innervates what?
Trapezius
Thorocodorsal Nerve innervates what muscle?
Latissimus Dorsi
Transverse cervical artery provides the blood supply for what muscle?
Trapezius
Thorocodorsal ARTERY supplies blood for what muscle?
Latissimus Dorsi
Lateral Thoracic Artery provides blood for what muscle?
Serratus Anterior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Name the:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Nerve
ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)
INSERTION
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
ACTION
Rotates atlanto-axial joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)
The suboccipital nerve brings information to the Central Nervous System
True or False?
False! It is a motor neuron and therefore takes information AWAY from the CNS
* efferent (ex: carry info for leg to kick, hand to clench)
Greater Occipital nerve is purely sensory.
True or false?
True! It is at dorsal ramus C2 (Axis) and is sensory only)
Obliquus Capitis Superior
ORIGIN
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
INSERTION
Lateral half inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Lateral flexes atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C1)
From
All the muscles in the suboccipital triangle are innervated by what nerve?
Suboccipital nerve (purely motor)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
ORIGIN
Spinous process of axis (C2)
INSERTION
Lateral half of inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
ORIGIN
Posterior process of atlas (C1)
INSERTION
Medial half of inferior nuchal line
ACTION
Extends and rotates atlanto-occipital joint
NERVE
Suboccipital nerve (posterior primary ramus C1)
What is the cone-like structure at the end of the spinal chord?
At what vertebral level is it usually found?
Conus Medullaris
at level of L1-L2
At which vertebrae does the spinal chord end?
L1-L2
What connects the pia mater and dura mater via lateral extensions?
Dentate Ligament - has lateral extensions between nerve roots
Which of the three meninges is responsible for housing the Cerebrospinal Fluid(CSF)?
Arachnoid
What is the filum terminale?
The filum terminale (“terminal thread”), is a delicate strand of fibrous tissue, proceeding downward from the apex of the conus medullaris. It is one of the modifications of pia mater.
Dorsal roots are _____
Sensory
Ventral Roots are ______
Motor
What forms nerves?
- Roots
- Rami
- Cauda Equinus
ROOTS form NERVES.
Roots divide to form ______.
RAMI
What is the cauda equini?
The cauda equina (Latin for “horse’s tail”) is a bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve roots
How many vertebral columns are in the lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and cervical regions of the spinal cord and what is their correct order?
- Cervical - 7
- Thoracic - 12
- Lumbar - 5
- Sacral - 5 (fused**)
Which vertebrae have a dens and a bifid process?
C2 - Axis
What is a somite?
Undifferentiated segments of mesoderm lined along the neural tube.
What do the scleratome, myotome, and dermatome form into?
Scleratome = vertebrae
Myotome = muscle
Dermatome = skin
