Random Review Questions Flashcards
A person develops a primary tumor of the thyroid gland and, among other symptoms, drooping of the eyelid and constriction of the pupil on the right side of the eye are noted. What nerve fibers have been interrupted by the tumor?
postganglionic parasympathetic postganglionic sympathetic preganglionic parasympathetic the carotid nerve the cervical sympathetic trunk
Cervical Sympathetic
A surgeon doing a deep cervical lymph node dissection may encounter these structures upon the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle EXCEPT: Phrenic nerve Subclavian vein Middle trunk of the brachial plexus Transverse cervical artery Cervical part of the thoracic duct
Middle trunk of the brachial plexus
The middle cervical sympathetic ganglion, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and parathyroid glands are all closely related with which blood vessel? Inferior thyroid artery Inferior thyroid vein Superior thyroid artery Superior thyroid vein
Inferior Thyroid Artery
Which of the following nerves is derived from the dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves? great auricular greater occipital lesser occipital phrenic supraclavicular
GREATER OCCIPITAl = Dorsal Ramus of C2
Which muscle on the back of the neck travels obliquely at the back of the neck? Which lies under it?
Splenius Capitis (oblique) Semispinalis Capitis
Which nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the skin of the angle of the mandible? Auriculotemporal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Buccal branches of VII Marginal mandibular nerve Great auricular nerve
Great Auricular Nerve
A deep laceration of the face in the middle of the parotid gland could affect the: External jugular vein Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Lingual artery
Facial Nerve
What structure lies deepest in the parotid gland? External carotid artery External jugular vein Facial artery Facial nerve Retromandibular vein
External Carotid Artery
The parotid space contains all EXCEPT: External carotid artery Facial nerve Intraparotid lymph nodes Medial pterygoid muscle Retromandibular vein
Medial pterygoid
As a result of meningitis, a patient develops Bell's palsy. One of the symptoms was hyperacusis. What nerve was involved? Facial Glossopharyngeal Oculomotor Trigeminal Vagus
Facial
innervates the stapedius
Frey's Syndrome is marked by profuse sweating over one cheek, temple, and surrounding areas of the face, precipitated by eating. The condition may be idiopathic, but often follows parotid surgery. The condition is attributable to abberant reinnervation, the redirection of autonomic fibers normally going to salivary glands being redirected to sweat glands. What is the source of the nerve fibers involved? Facial Glossopharyngeal Oculomotor Trigeminal Vagus
TRIGEMINAL
The glossopharyngeal nerve contributes to the innervation of the parotid gland by supplying preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglia, by way of the lesser petrosal nerve. However, these fibers are not involved with Frey’s syndrome–this condition involves the misdirection of the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. Finally, the vagus is not involved with innervating the parotid gland.
motorcyclist lost control of his bike after hitting a wet spot on the pavement. He hit a curb and was catapulted several feet, landing on the point of his right shoulder and the right side of his head and neck, severely stretching his neck. He was taken to the emergency room with abrasions, lacerations and multiple injuries to both fleshy and bony tissues. Given this scenario, answer the following:
For the integument to bleed or for tissue fluid to ooze from the abrasions, what layers must be damaged?
epidermis and dermis
epidermis and superficial fascia
epidermis and deep fascia
dermis and superficial fascia
dermis and deep fascia
Epidermis and Dermis
Sutures (stitches) would be placed in which tough layer of the skin in order to sew up the lacerations? epidermis deep fascia dermis subcutaneous tissue superficial fascia
DERMIS
What happens if the dorsal scapulary nerve is cut?
If the dorsal scapular nerve is damaged, the rhomboids will be denervated, and the patient will not be able to retract his scapula fully.
In order to make an intramuscular injection, the needle must pass through several layers of tissue to reach the muscle. Choose the correct order of tissues the needle would pass through from superficial to deep.
Epidermis, dermis, investing fascia, subcutaneous tissue, muscle
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, investing fascia, muscle
Epidermis, investing fascia, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle
Epidermis, subcutaneous tissue, dermis, investing fascia, muscle
Epidermis, subcutaneous tissue, investing fascia, dermis, muscle
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, investing fascia, muscle
As you are sitting in a quiz, the skin immediately over the base of the spine of your scapula begins to itch. The sensation from this area is mediated through which nervous structure? Accessory nerve Dorsal primary ramus of C7 Dorsal root of T2 Ventral primary ramus C7 Ventral root of T2
Dorsal Primary Ramus of C7
What are the functions of pec minor and pec major?
Medial rotation and flexion
After a penetrating wound in the area of the posterior axillary fold a patient had weakness in extension and adduction of the arm. Which muscle is likely involved? Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
The part of a spinal nerve that supplies the true back muscles and the skin overlying them is the: dorsal primary ramus dorsal root ventral primary ramus ventral root
Dorsal Primary Ramus
It is decided to image the spinal cord and spinal nerve rootlets by doing a myelogram (injection of a radio-opaque dye into the subarachnoid space followed by a radiograph). In order to inject the dye without injury to the spinal cord, the injection is usually done below what vertebral level? L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 5
L4
It was noted that after the injury the patient’s face on the right side was flushed due to dilation of the blood vessels. The lack of vasoconstriction was due to interruption of what fibers somewhere along their course?
somatic afferent
somatic efferent
parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Dorsal Root explanation
The dorsal root ganglia is the location of the cell bodies of somatic sensory neurons. Cells from the dorsal root ganglia transmit somatic sensation from areas like the skin to the central nervous system. A neuron with a cell body in the dorsal root ganglia might be involved in conveying sensory information from the skin overlying the trapezius.
Motor neurons have their cell bodies in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. They leave the spinal nerve through the ventral root, join a spinal nerve, and then divide into the ventral and dorsal primary rami. The dorsal primary rami innervate the deep back muscles, while the ventral primary rami innervate other muscles, including pectoralis major (which is innervated via the brachial plexus).
The cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic fibers are found in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. Finally, visceral afferent sensation is not carried on somatic sensory neurons–instead, the sensation from the stomach is carried on special visceral afferent nerves which accompany sympathetic nerves.
