Ligaments of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist Flashcards
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
- Multiaxial
- synovial
- ball & socket joint
*most easily dislocated joint
What type of movement occurs at the glenohumeral joint?
flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, protraction/retraction, CIRCUMDUCTION*
What are the three ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
- coracohumeral lig. - coracoid process to greater tub. of humerus
- glenohumeral lig - supraglenoid tub to lesser tub of humerus
- transverse humeral lig. - spans greater and lesser tuber. of humerus and holds the LONG head of the BICEPS in place
What is the glenoid labrum?
Fibrocartilaginous ligament around the glenoid cavity (deepens socket)
What is the purpose of a bursae and what are the three areas of the shoulder that have a bursae?
Purpose: greater ease of movement
- Subacromial
- Subdeltoid
- Subscapular (sADS)
What runs over the superior transverse scapular ligament?
The suprascapular artery (nerve runs through the suprascapular notch)
What type of joint is the Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)?
- synovial
2. PLANAR joint
What type of movement occurs at the AC joint?
gliding movement as arm is raised and scapula rotates
What two ligaments are found within the AC joint?
- Acromioclavicular lig.- acromion to clavicle
2. Coracoclavicular lig. - stabilize clavicle/reinforce joint
What type of joint is the humero-ulnar joint? What type of movement does it allow?
- synovial
- HINGE joint
- UNIaxial
Movement: flexion/extension * hence hinge
What ligament is found at the humero-ulnar joint? What does it connect?
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
- connects MEDIAL epicondyle to Coronoid process and olecranon
- triangular
(often tagged)
What type of joint is the humeroradial joint? What is its purpose?
Joint capsule - surrounds capitulum and head of radius
Purpose: posterolateral stability (rel. weak)
The tendons of what muscles help stabilize the shoulder joint? (glenohumeral)
SItS muscles of the rotator cuff
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres MINOR
- Subscapularis
What ligament is found within the humeoradial joint? What does it connect?
Radial Collateral Ligament
- connects LATERAL epicondyle to radial notch of ulna and annular ligament
What kind of joint is the Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint? What important movement does it permit?
- Synovial
- Uniaxial
- PIVOT joint
- allows PRONATION/SUPINATION
What ligament is found within the Proximal Radio-Ulnar joint? What is its purpose?**
Annular Ligament
Purpose: surrounds Radial Head and radial notch of Ulna –> keeps head of radius in notch
What fibrous joint (syndesmosis) connects the Radius and Ulna and divides the forearm into the anterior and posterior compartments?
Interosseus Membrane
What membrane of the forearm serves as site of muscle attachments for both anterior (FDP, FPL) & posterior compartment (AbPL, EPL, EPB, EI) muscles
Interosseus Membrane is the attachment for
- Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Flexor Pollicis Longus
- Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Extensor Indices
What kind of a joint is the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint? What movement does it allow?
- Synovial
- Uniaxial
(extends from ulnar head around ulnar notch of radius)
Allows pronation and supination at the WRIST
What ligaments are found at the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint? What does it connect?
Palmar & Dorsal Radioulnar Ligaments
Connects: radius and ulna, articular disc of Ulna binds bones together
What type of joint is the RadioCarpal Joint? What movement does it allow?
- Synovial
- Biaxial
- ELLIPSOID joint (movement in 2 planes) aka condyloid*
Movement: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, CIRCUMDUCTION
(no retraction/protraction like the humerus)
What joint extends from radius to scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum
RadioCarpal Joint (palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments )
What strong/stabilizing ligament connects the radius to scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum?
Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament (volar)
What weak ligament connects the radius to scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum?
Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
What type of joints are the Intercarpal Joints?What movement does it permit?
- Synovial
- PLANE joins
Movement: sliding/gliding
What type of joint is the Carpometacarpal Joint? Movement?
- Synovial
- PLANE joint (except thumb)
Movement: gliding/sliding
*dorsal ligament is the strongest
Where would one find the TMZ joint?
The trapeziometacarpal Joint is found at the THUMB
What type of joint is the TMZ/thumb joint? Movement?
- Biaxial
- SADDLE joint
Movement: flex/extend, adduction/abduct, OPPOSITION of thumb
What type of joints are the Metacarpophalangeal Joints? Movement?
- Synovial
- Biaxial
- CONDYLOID (ellipsoid)
M: flex/extend, adduct/abduct, CIRCUMDUCTION of individual fingers
What type of joint are the INTERphalangeal Joints? Movement?
- Synovial
- Uniaxial
M: ONLY FLEX AND EXTEND
- -collaterals [med/lat] are oriented to prevent side to side movement (abd/add)
- palmar lig. prevent HYPERextension
What ligaments and discs are found at the Ulnar-Carpal Joint?
- Ulnocarpal ligament - styloid process of ULNA to medial side of TRIQUETRAL bone (dorsal) and the pisiform & flexor retinaculum (palmar)
- Articular disc- covers distal end of ulna.
- Ulnar collateral ligament- ulna to triquetral & pisiform bones **helps stabilize proximal row of carpals
On an x-ray there is a gap between the Ulna and the Carpal bones: True or False?
TRUE
- the Articular Disc is found in between this space
What articulates with the scaphoid and lunate?
RADIUS
