Autonomics Flashcards
Where are the cell bodies for the Sympathetic Nervous System found? for PARASYMPATHETIC?
- IML (in the horn)
2. Brain stem and S2, S3, and S4.
Short arms/ long fingers is in regards to what Autonomic system? Where do pre-ganglionic fibers enter?
SYMPATHETIC = short pre-ganglionics that are mylented and WHITE (post ganglionics are long and unmylenated - GRAY)
- ENTER VIA VENTRAL ROOT
Describe the pre-ganglionic fibers of the SYMPATHETIC system:
Preganglionic fibers may:
- Synapse with one or more neurons in the sympathetic trunk directly across from them;
- Ascend or descend in the trunk before synapsing;
- Pass through the sympathetic trunk and synapse with a collateral ganglion outside the sympathetic trunk; o
- Directly stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
What is responsible for vasomotor tone?
SYMPATHETIC
- shunt blood where you need it
Where are ganglionic neurons located in the SYMPATHETIC system?
Ganglionic neurons are located within the sympathetic chain ganglia or in collateral ganglia outside of the sympathetic trunk.
Pre- ganglionic neurons send fibers through VENTRAL motor ROOT, and enter SPINAL NERVES via _____ rami.
- White rami –> enter the sympathetic trunk
Postganglionic fibers leave the sympathetic trunk through the_____ rami and pass through what before terminating on the effector organ (ex: heart, lungs etc)?
- GRAY rami (white in the trunk, gray out the sympathetic trunk)
- Pass through SPINAL NERVES again
What controls peristalsis? Parasympathetic or Sympathetic?
Parasympathetic
Where do preganglionic fibers travel through? Where do they synapse?
Travel through cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X, and spinal nerves S2-S4, and synapse with peripheral ganglia located very near or directly on the effector organ. (not near the chain)
Parasympathetic = _________ at both synapses, Sympathetic = ______ at first synapse, ______at second synapse.
- Acetylcholine
- Acetylcholine
- Noradrenaline
(sympathetic = cholinergic 1st, adrenergic second)
What promotes glycogen breakdown, lung contraction (bronchiole dilation), inhibits bladder contraction, and causes blood vessel contraction?
SYMPATHETIC
Where are the splanchnics located?
T5-T12
What are the ganglia for the various Cranial nerves?
3 = ciliary ganglion 7 = Pterygopalatine 7 = Submandibular 9 = Otic ganglion 10 =thoracic and abdominal ganglia + Cardiac Ganglia
The Splanchincs are all sympathetic. True or False?
False. Pelvic Splanchnics are PARASYMPATHETIC (exception to the exception)
Which Sympathetic nerves get lost and don’t synapse until the effector organ? Describe the Splachnic Nerves
Greater, Lesser and Least Splanchnincs
- pass WITHOUT SYNAPSING through the paravertebral ganglia of segments five to nine on either side of the spinal column. The fibres from the ganglia converge to form a nerve which runs inferiorly through the thorax
- 9 Ganglia coalesce to form one nerve trunk
Where does white rami stop?
at the L2 ( no more sympathetics after this)
What do SYMPATHETIC fibers follow to their targets?
Peripheral Nerves and Blood Vessels = Splanchnincs to get to the Cervical
ex: external CAROTID ARTERY (to the eye)
What system rounds the lens and constricts the pupil?
PARASYMPATHETIC
What happens if you cut the SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION
Cut the chain of Superior cervical ganglion and get miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis—————Horners
-Superior cervical ganglion = part of the chain –> fibers came out follow blood vessel–> tarsal muscle & dilator pupillae, sweat gland of face
Billy has trouble seeing at night which is not related to his retina or carrot consumption. What may be the cause?
He cannot constrict his pupil
He cannot accommodate his lens
He cannot produce tears
He has lost sympathetic innervation of his pupil
He wears his sunglasses at night.
He Lost sympathetic innervation of his pupil (dilation of his pupil)
Felix has a history of tachycardia. His cardiologist prescribes a Beta blocker which inhibits the action of norepinephrine. Why?
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release ACH at their target cells which increases heart rate
Parasympathetic fibers release Ne at all synapses
Sympathetic fibers release Ne at all synapses
NE slows the heart
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers release NE at their target cells which increases heart rate
Post ganglionic sympathetic fibers release NE at their target cells which increases heart rate
Where are the ganglia for the PNS?
BRAIN AND SACRAL CHORD
Pee, poo, and erection is PNS or SNS
PARASYMPATHETIC
Describe the PARASYMPATHETIC pathway that causes 1. constriction of the pupil 2. accommodation of the lens (rounding)
- Oculomotor (III) Nerve synapses in the CILIARY GANGLION –> innervates the Sphincter Pupilae Muscles and the Ciliary Muscles (to round the lens)
Is dilator pupilae and tarsal muscle sympathetic or parasympathetic?
SYMPATHETIC
Describe the two PARASYMPATHETIC pathways that causes saliva to be released
- Facial Nerve –> sends the CHORDA TYMPANI which runs with the Lingual N (V3)–> synapses at Submandibular Ganglion–> innervate the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands = SALIVA!!
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve (9) –> lesser petrosal nerve (meets with deep petrosal) pre-ganglionic fibers synapse at the OTIC GANGLION –> run with the Auriculotemporal Nerve(V3) –> to innervate the PAROTID GLAND = SALIVA!!!
Describe the PARASYMPATHETIC pathway that causes tears to be released
- Facial Nerve (VII) –> sends the Greater Petrosal nerve –> joins Deep Petrosal –>synapses at Pterygopalatine Fossa –> Post-synaptic fibers run with the Zygomatic Branch of V2 –> innervate the Lacrmal Gland (via lacrimal Nerve of V1)
Which nerve causes the internal visceral organs to be parasympathetic ally stimulated?
VAGUS (x)
What is the job of the Chorda tympani?
The chorda tympani hitches a ride on the lingual branch of 5 to supply taste to the anterior 2/3 rds of the tongue and to drive the submandibular and sublingual glands
What gives taste to the POSTERIOR 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal (9) –> 1/3 since the ParotidGland is the 3rd gland
taste = SVA
General sensation to the entire tongue is supplied by:
Answer:
CN V and CN IX
What is the principal lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland?
pectoral nodes
Greater splanchnic is found on which thoracic vertebrae? Where do the ganglia synapse?
Greater splanchnic—t5—t9
Greater Splanchnic synapes on the abdominal Aorta
