Shoulder and Elbow Problems Flashcards
What shoulder problems are more common in the teens and 20s?
Fractures and instability
What shoulder problems are more common in the 30s and 40s?
Rotator cuff and capsulitis
What shoulder problems are more common in the 50s and 60s?
Impingement and AC joint
What shoulder problems are more common in the 70s+?
Degenerative rotator cuff and joint
How does the cause of upper limb fractures differ amongst age groups?
- Young usually high energy injury
- Elderly usually osteoporotic injury
What does management of upper limb fractures depend on?
Fracture configuration and patient biology
What is the most mobile joint in the body?
Shoulder, it sacrifices stability for mobility
What are the types of traumatic shoulder dislocation?
- Anterior 90%
- Posterior 9%
- Inferior 1%
How are shoulder dislocations treated?
- Manipulation
- Immobilisation
- Physiotherapy
- Surgery
Why does painful arc occur?
Subacromial impingement
What is subacromial impingement?
Pain and dysfunction resulting from any pathology which decreases the volume of the subacromial space or increases the size of the contents
How is subacromial impingement treated?
- Subacromial steroid injection
- Physiotherapy
- Arthroscopic subacromial decompression
What is another name for frozen shoulder?
Adhesive capsulitis
How is frozen shoulder diagnosed?
- Clinical diagnosis
- Normal radiograph
How is frozen shoulder treated?
- Early presentation= inject steroid
- Late presentation= surgery
What are the 2 types of frozen shoulder?
- Primary (idiopathic)
- Secondary
What is the course of frozen shoulder?
- Pain
- Stiffness
- Thawing
- Pain and stiffness can overlap
- Can be around 18-24 months
What are the 2 causes of rotator cuff tear?
- Traumatic
- Degenerative
What does persistent pain despite clear x-ray suggest?
Rotator cuff tear
What is the treatment for rotator cuff tear?
- Acute= early surgery
- Chronic degenerative= surgery if symptomatic
What does treatment for rotator cuff tear depend on?
- Size
- Age
- Time
What types of shoulder arthritis are there?
- Osteoarthritis
- Inflammatory arthritis
- Post-traumatic arthritis
What is paramount in shoulder arthritis?
Rotator cuff integrity
What elbow problems commonly occur in the young?
Fractures and dislocations
What elbow problems commonly occur during middle age?
Tendinopathies
What elbow problems occur in the elderly?
Degenerative diseases
What elbow syndrome occurs at any age?
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Where is the pain in golfer’s elbow
Medial epicondyle
Where is the pain in tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondyle
