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Systems: MSK AB > Hand and Wrist Anatomy > Flashcards

Hand and Wrist Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is injured in wrist drop?

A

Radial nerve

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2
Q

What bones form the fingers?

A
  • Metacarpals
  • Proximal phalanges
  • Intermediate phalanges
  • Distal phalanges
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3
Q

What bones form the thumb?

A
  • Metacarpal
  • Proximal phalange
  • Distal phalange
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4
Q

Name the carpal bones.

A
  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
  • Pisiform
  • Triquetrum
  • Lunate
  • Scaphoid
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5
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral/ shoulder joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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6
Q

What movements occur at the glenohumeral/ shoulder joint?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Circumduction
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7
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial hinge

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8
Q

What movements occur at the elbow?

A

Flexion and extension

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9
Q

What type of joint is the proximal and distal ulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot

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10
Q

What movements occur at the proximal and distal ulnar joint?

A

Pronation and supination

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11
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Synovial condyloid

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12
Q

What movements occur at the wrist?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Circumduction
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13
Q

What type of joint is the carpo-metacarpal joint (thumb)?

A

Synovial saddle

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14
Q

What movements occur at the carpo-metacarpal joint (thumb)?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Circumduction
  • Opposition
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15
Q

What type of joint is the carpal-metacarpal joint (fingers)?

A

Synovial condyloid

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16
Q

What movements occur at the carpal-metacarpal joint (fingers)?

A
  • Flexion and extension (4th an 5th)

- Almost no movements (2nd and 3rd)

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17
Q

What type of joint is the proximal metacarpal-phalangeal joint?

A

Synovial condyloid

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18
Q

What movements occur at the proximal metacarpal-phalangeal joint?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
  • Circumduction
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19
Q

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint?

A

Synovial hinge

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20
Q

What movements occur at the interphalangeal joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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21
Q

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of 1st rib

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22
Q

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres major

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23
Q

What does the brachial artery become?

A

Divides into the ulnar and radial arteries at the cubical fossa

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24
Q

What do the radial and ulnar arteries form in the hand?

A

Palmar arches which give off digital arteries

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25
Q

What is the main contributor of the more distal superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

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26
Q

What is the main contributor of the more proximal deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

27
Q

Where do the superficial veins arise from?

A

Dorsal venous arch of the back of the hand

28
Q

What is the course of the cephalic vein?

A
  • Travels up arm on the lateral side

- Drains into the axillary vein below the clavicle

29
Q

What is the course of the basilica vein?

A
  • Travels up arm on the medial side

- Becomes continuous with brachial veins (deep veins accompanying brachial artery)

30
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

A vein which connects the cephalic and basilica veins across the cubital fossa

31
Q

Where does the lymphatics of the upper right quadrant of the body drain?

A

Right lymphatic duct

32
Q

Where does the lymphatics of the left side of the body and the lower right quadrant drain?

A

Thoracic duct

33
Q

What lymph nodes drain the arm?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

34
Q

What condition can cause lymphedema of the arm?

A

Breast cancer

35
Q

Why is the brachioradialis a special muscle?

A

It’s action is flexion of the forearm but it is in the posterior compartment and supplied by the radial nerve

36
Q

What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?

A
  • Median nerve

- Adductor pollocis is ulnar nerve

37
Q

What is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

38
Q

What is the innervation of lumbricals 1-2?

A

Median nerve

39
Q

What is the innervation of lumbricals 3-4

A

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei 1-4?

A

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

What is the innervation of the palmar interossei 1-3?

A

Ulnar nerve

42
Q

What are the 8 flexors of the forearm?

A

1st Layer

  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris

2nd Layer
-Flexor digitorum superficialis

3rd Layer

  • Flexor digitorum profundus
  • Flexor pollicis longus
  • Pronator quadratus
43
Q

What are the actions of the superficial forearm flexors?

A
  • Flex the wrist
  • Adduct (flexor carpi ulnaris)
  • Abduct (flexor carpu radialis
  • Pronation (pronator teres and pronator quadratus)
44
Q

What is the main action of the intermediate and deep layers of the flexor forearm compartment?

A

These muscles primarily flex proximal and distal interphalangeal joints respectively, although they are also synergists at all the other joints which they cross

45
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis attach?

A

Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

46
Q

Where does flexor digitroum profundus and flexor pollicis longus attach?

A

Distal phalanges

47
Q

What are the 11 extensors of the forearm?

A
  • Extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis longus
  • Extensor pollicis brevis
  • Anconeus
  • Extensor digitroum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Supinator
48
Q

What are the actions of the posterior forearm muscles?

A
  • Powerful extensor of the wrist and digits (Fist clenchers)
  • Adduct (ECU)
  • Abduct (ECRL, ECRB)
  • Supination ( Biceps brachii, Supinator)
  • Antagonise and agonise the anterior wrist muscles by working in differential pairs
49
Q

What are the actions of extensor digiti minimi and extensor digitorum?

A
  • Intermediate posterior layer, extensors, extend the fingers
  • But also extend elbow and wrist
50
Q

What is the main content of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery

51
Q

What can inflammation of the flexor retinaculum lead to?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

52
Q

What nerve is affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

53
Q

What muscles are found in the hand?

A
  • Thenar M (x4)
  • Hypothenar (x3)
  • Lumbricals (x4)
  • Palmer interossei (x3)
  • Dorsal interossei (x4)
54
Q

Name the thenar muscles.

A
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Adductor pollicis
  • Opponens pollicis
55
Q

What do the thenar muscles control?

A

Movements of the thumb

56
Q

Name the hypothenar muscles.

A
  • Flexor digiti minimi
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Opponens digiti minimi
57
Q

What do the hypothenar muscles control?

A

Movements of the little finger

58
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction

59
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction

60
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

61
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Lumbricals simultaneously flex the MCP joint and extend the PIP joint.

62
Q

What is the distal attachment of the lumbricals?

A

Dorsal expansions of the phalanges

63
Q

What will median nerve injury result in?

A
  • Inability to flex distal interphalangeal joint of index finger
  • Inability to flex digits 2 and 3 into a compact fist

Systems: MSK AB (43 decks)

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