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Systems: MSK AB > Hip and Knee Anatomy > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of the hip joint?

A

Strong, stable , multiatxial ball and socket type of synovial joint

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2
Q

What forms the ball and socket of the hip joint?

A
  • Ball= femoral head

- Socket= acetabulum

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3
Q

How is the depth of the acetabulum increased?

A

Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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4
Q

What does the head of the femur articulated with?

A

Head of the femur articulates with the cup-like acetabulum of the hip bone

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5
Q

Describe the covering of the head of the femur?

A

The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur

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6
Q

What ligaments are part of the hip joint capsule?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
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7
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint

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8
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents overabduction of hip joint

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9
Q

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament run?

A

From ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur

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10
Q

What muscles are involved in flexing the hip?

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Sartorius
  • Tensor fasciae latae
  • Rectus femoris
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
  • Gracillis
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11
Q

What muscles are involved in hip extension

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Biceps femoris: long head
  • Adductor magnus: posterior part
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12
Q

What muscles are involved in hip adduction?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gracillis
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13
Q

What muscles are involved in hip abduction and medial rotation?

A
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fasciae latae
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14
Q

What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip?

A
  • Obturator internus & externus
  • Piriformis
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gemelli
  • Quadratus femoris
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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the hip joint?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (branches of profunda femoris)

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply to the head of the femur?

A

Branch of the obturator artery

17
Q

What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?

A

Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve

18
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

19
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?

A
  • Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial)

- Femoro -patellar

20
Q

What leg bone is not involved in the knew joint?

A

Fibula

21
Q

What is the knee joint strengthened by?

A

5 Capsular ligmanets

22
Q

What are the 5 ligaments of the knee joint?

A
  • Patellar ligament
  • Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
  • Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
  • Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
  • Arcuate popliteal ligament
23
Q

How may burae are found at the knee joint?

A
  • 12 bursae around knee joint

- 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity

24
Q

What 4 bursae communicate with the knee joint cavity?

A
  • Suprapatellar bursa
  • Popliteal bursa
  • Anserine bursa
  • Gastrocnemius bursa
25
Q

What is the structure of the tibial collateral ligament?

A
  • Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
  • Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
26
Q

What is the structure if the fibular collateral ligament?

A
  • Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

- Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the FCL

27
Q

What are the intra-articular structures within the knee joint?

A

Cruciate ligaments and menisci

28
Q

What are the features of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A
  • Weaker of the two
  • Poor blood supply
  • Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
  • Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
29
Q

What are the features of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A
  • Stronger of the two
  • Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
  • Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
30
Q

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

A

Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage

31
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption at the knee joint

32
Q

What are the features of the medial meniscus?

A
  • C-shaped
  • Broader posteriorly
  • Adheres to the deep surface of TCL
33
Q

What are the features of the lateral meniscus?

A
  • Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus

- Tendon of the politeus separates it from the PCL

34
Q

What movements occur at the knee?

A
  • Flexion and extension

- Locking and unlocking

35
Q

What is locking of the knee?

A

Medial rotations of the femur on the tibia

36
Q

What is unlocking of the knee?

A

Lateral rotation of femur on the tibia

37
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee?

A

Popliteus (initial flexion)

38
Q

What muscles are flexors of the knees?

A
  • Hamstrings
  • Sartorius
  • Gracillis
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Popliteus
39
Q

What muscles extend the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Systems: MSK AB (43 decks)

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