Hip and Knee Anatomy Flashcards
What are the features of the hip joint?
Strong, stable , multiatxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
What forms the ball and socket of the hip joint?
- Ball= femoral head
- Socket= acetabulum
How is the depth of the acetabulum increased?
Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
What does the head of the femur articulated with?
Head of the femur articulates with the cup-like acetabulum of the hip bone
Describe the covering of the head of the femur?
The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for the ligament of the head of femur
What ligaments are part of the hip joint capsule?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents overabduction of hip joint
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament run?
From ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
What muscles are involved in flexing the hip?
- Iliopsoas
- Sartorius
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Rectus femoris
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
- Gracillis
What muscles are involved in hip extension
- Gluteus maximus
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps femoris: long head
- Adductor magnus: posterior part
What muscles are involved in hip adduction?
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Obturator externus
- Gracillis
What muscles are involved in hip abduction and medial rotation?
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae
What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the hip?
- Obturator internus & externus
- Piriformis
- Gluteus maximus
- Gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
What is the arterial supply of the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (branches of profunda femoris)
What is the arterial supply to the head of the femur?
Branch of the obturator artery
What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?
Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial hinge joint
What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?
- Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial)
- Femoro -patellar
What leg bone is not involved in the knew joint?
Fibula
What is the knee joint strengthened by?
5 Capsular ligmanets
What are the 5 ligaments of the knee joint?
- Patellar ligament
- Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
- Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
- Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
How may burae are found at the knee joint?
- 12 bursae around knee joint
- 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity
What 4 bursae communicate with the knee joint cavity?
- Suprapatellar bursa
- Popliteal bursa
- Anserine bursa
- Gastrocnemius bursa
