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Systems: MSK AB > Shoulder and Elbow Clinical > Flashcards

Shoulder and Elbow Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus?

A
  • Supraspinatous
  • Infraspinatous
  • Teres minor
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2
Q

How is the head of the humerus rotated?

A

Retroverted 30 degrees

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3
Q

What muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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4
Q

What are the function of the clavicle?

A
  • Strut to support the shoulder
  • Protects the brachial plexus and vessels
  • Attachment for muscles
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5
Q

What muscles attach to the clavicle?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis major
  • Subclavius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Sternohyoid
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6
Q

Name the ligaments of the clavicle.

A
  • Acromico-clavicular ligament
  • Coraco-acromical ligament
  • Coraco-clavicular ligament
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7
Q

What is the role of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

A

Primary static constraint abduction>45

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8
Q

What is the role of the middle glenohumeral ligament?

A

Mid range with subscapularis, minor role in assisting IGHL

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9
Q

What is the labrum?

A
  • Fibrocartilage
  • It elevates the glenoid edge
  • Doubles the glenoid depth and increases the surface area
  • Acts as a chock block limiting glenohumeral translation
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10
Q

Where is the axillary nerve at most risk?

A

Surgical neck of the humerus

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11
Q

How can the axillary nerve be injured/

A
  • Shoulder dislocation

- Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus

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12
Q

What does axillary nerve damage lead to?

A
  • Weakness of deltoid

- Sensory loss in badge area

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13
Q

What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • Blend with the capsule to protect and give stability

- Hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid cavity during shoulder movements

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14
Q

What can rotator cuff tear injure?

A
  • Brachial plexus
  • Axillary nerve
  • Subscapular nerve
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Humeral circumflex artery
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15
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles integrate the motion of?

A
  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Glenohumeral joint
  • Scapulothoracic articulation
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16
Q

What contributes to the adduction of the shoulder?

A
  • 0 to 30 degrees elevation greater motion at glenohumeral joint -Last 60 degrees of elevation there is equal contribution of glenohumeral and scapulothoracic articulation
  • Overall 2:1 ratio between glenohumeral and scapulothoracic
17
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion of the shoulder?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps
  • Deltoid (anterior)
18
Q

What muscles are involved in extension of the shoulder?

A
  • Teres major
  • Latissmus dorsi
  • Deltoid (posterior)
19
Q

What muscles are involved in abduction of the shoulder?

A
  • Deltoid (middle)

- Supraspinatous

20
Q

What muscles are involved in adduction of the shoulder?

A
  • Pectoralis major

- Latissimus dorsi

21
Q

What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the shoulder?

A
  • Teres major

- Subscapularis

22
Q

What muscle are involved in lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A
  • Teres minor

- Infraspinatous

23
Q

What bones are involved in the elbow joint?

A
  • Humerus
  • Ulna
  • Radius
24
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?

A
  • Humeroulnar

- Humeroradial

25
Q

Where does the ulnar collateral ligament run?

A

Medial epicondyle to cornoid process and olecranon

26
Q

Where does the radial collateral ligament run?

A

Extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus and blends with annular ligament

27
Q

What movements occur at the elbow?

A

Uniaxial so only flexion and extension

28
Q

What muscles flex the elbow?

A
  • Brachialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachioradialis
29
Q

What muscles extend the elbow?

A
  • Triceps
  • Anconeus

Gravity also plays a role

30
Q

What types of joints are the radioulnar joints?

A
  • Superior and inferior: uniaxial synovial pivot joints

- Middle: syndesmosis (fibrous joint)

31
Q

What movements occur at the radioulnar joints?

A

Pronation and supination

32
Q

What happens during pronation of the forearm?

A
  • Turns the palm posteriorly

- Radius rotates during the movement

33
Q

What muscles are involved in pronation of the forearm?

A
  • Pronator quadratus
  • Pronator teres (active against resistance)

Gravity plays a role

34
Q

What happens during supination of the forearm?

A

The palm is turned anteriorly

35
Q

What muscles are involved in supination of the forearm?

A
  • Biceps brachi (poweful supinator: active against resistance)
  • Supinator (active during slow unresisted movements)
36
Q

What muscles are involved in scapular movement?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhomboids
  • Serratus anterior (weakness can cause winging of scapula )
  • Pectoralis major

Systems: MSK AB (43 decks)

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