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Systems: MSK AB > Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscle compartments of the leg?

A
  • Lateral
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
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2
Q

What nerves supply the muscles of the leg?

A
  • Common fibular and its superficial and deep branches

- Tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)

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3
Q

What is the most frequently injured joint of the body?

A

Ankle

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4
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

Uniaxial Synovial hinge

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5
Q

Where is the ankle joint located

A

Between the distal part of tibia,fibula & upper part of talus

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6
Q

What is the ankle joint critical in?

A

Weight bearing and walking

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7
Q

What bones are involved in articulation at the ankle?

A
  • Fibula
  • Tibia
  • Talus
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8
Q

What are the 2 prominences present at the ankle joint?

A
  • Medial malleolus

- Lateral malleolus

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9
Q

When is malleolar grip strongest?

A

During dorsiflexion

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10
Q

When is the ankle joint unstable?

A

During plantar felxion

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11
Q

What are the features of the ankle capsule?

A

Thin in front and behind

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12
Q

What is the ankle capsule supported by?

A

Collateral ligaments

  • Medial (deltoid) ligament
  • Lateral ligament
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13
Q

What are the features of the medial (deltoid) ligament of the ankle?

A
  • Large, strong triangular band
  • Three slips from medial malleolus to talus, calcaneus & navicular
  • Stabilizes the joint during eversion
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14
Q

What are the features of the lateral ligament of the ankle?

A
  • Has three slips
  • Weaker than medial ligament
  • Commonly involved in ankle injuries
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15
Q

What muscles are involved in dorsiflexion?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor halluces longus
  • Peroneus or fibular tertius
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16
Q

What muscles are involved in plantar flexion?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Assisted by plantaris,
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
17
Q

What type of injury is a sprain?

A

Invesrion injury

18
Q

What is a Pott fracture?

A

Dislocation of the ankle

19
Q

What is footballer’s ankle?

A

Repeated strain in the anterior capsule

20
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Tibial nerve compression deep to flexor retinacula

21
Q

What aponeurosis is present on the sole of the foot?

A

Plantar aponeurosis

22
Q

What nerves and arteries run deep to the plantar aponeurosis?

A
  • Lateral plantar nerve and artery

- Medial plantar nerve and artery

23
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

A

4 (bipennate)

24
Q

How may plantar interossei are there?

A

3 (unipennate)

25
Q

What is the skeleton of the foot divided into?

A

Tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges

26
Q

What is the function of the foot?

A
  • Support the body in standing and progression

- Lever it forwards in walking, running and jumping

27
Q

Where does inversion and eversion occur in the foot?

A

Movements occur at the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

28
Q

What muscles invert the foot?

A
  • Tibialis anterior

- Tibialis posterior

29
Q

What muscles evert the foot?

A
  • Fibularis longus

- Fibularis brevis

30
Q

What are the functions of the arches of the foot?

A
  • Acts as shock absorbers
  • Distribute weight over the foot
  • Act as springboards during walking,running & jumping
31
Q

What happens to the arches as we walk?

A

Bony arches are flexible and deform with each ground contact

32
Q

What are the 2 parts of the longitudinal arch?

A
  • Medial and lateral

- Medial longitudinal arch is higher and more important than lateral

33
Q

Where is the transverse arch located?

A

Runs from side to side of the foot

34
Q

What is the intergrity of the arches maintained by?

A
  • Shape of the united bones
  • Plantar aponeurosis
  • Long & short plantar ligaments
  • Spring ligament (calcaneonavicular)
  • Intrinsic muscles of foot
35
Q

When are flat feet common?

A
  • Children under 3 (due to SC fat)

- Elderly

36
Q

What are acquired flat feet due to?

A

Fallen arches are due to dysfunction of tibialis posterior (arch support)

37
Q

What is the cause of high arched feet?

A

Congenital

Systems: MSK AB (43 decks)

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