Foot and Ankle Clinical Correlation Flashcards
What is the composition of the foot and ankle?
- 28+ Bones
- 33 Joints
- 106 Ligaments
- 20 Muscles
What can occur if accessory bones are present in the foot?
Frequent source of trouble as they can be destabilised by injury or sprain
What accessory bones are most troublesum?
- Os trigonum
- Accessory navicular
How do tarsal coalitions present?
Stiff hindfoot
What tarsal coalitions can occur?
- 45% talocalcaneal
- 45% calcaneonavicular
- 10% other
When does ankle arthritis commonly occur?
Post-traumatic
What should be considered in ankle arthritis with no known trauma in the under 50s?
Haemochromatosis
What are the mean ages of ankle and hip arthritis?
- Ankle 46 years
- Hip 51 years
What is the Achilles tendon?
The thickest, strongest and longest tendon in the body
What is the Achilles tendon formed by?
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
How is the Achille’s test examined?
- Thomson (Simmonds) test
- Matle’s (angle of dangle)
What is a cavovarus foot?
A foot with an abnormally high arch and varus hind foot
What are the causes of carovarus foot?
Neurological
-Many causes
Congenital
- Club foot
- Idiopathic
- Familial
Post-traumatic
What is the pathogenesis of carovarus foot?
Clawing of toes
-Weakness of intrinsic muscles
Plunger effect by procimal phalanges
-Plantarflexion of MTs/ overaction of peroneus longus
Hindfoot varus
-Weakness of peroneus brevis
Equinus
-Weakness of tibialis anterior
Adduction of forefoot
-Overpull of tibilais posterior
Carovarus foot: What can clawing of toes lead to?
Plantar callosities and shoe problems
