Shoulder and Brachium

Question 1

Function of the clavicle

Answer 1

Holds upper limb away from the trunk via the use of forces:

Clavicle transmitting forces: transmits forces from upper limb to trunk

Question 2

What are the bones of the pectoral glide?

Answer 2

Clavicle and scapula

Question 3

Bony Landmarks and features of the clavicle

Answer 3

Flat lateral end and rounded medial end

Lateral end: attachment of coracoclavicular ligament (conoid tubercle)

Medial end: attachment of costoclavicular ligament - attach to rib syn

Question 4

Sternoclavicular atriculation

Answer 4

with manubrium of sternum medially = synovial saddle

Question 5

Acromioclavicular joint articulation

Answer 5

= with acromion of scapula laterally = synovial plane

Question 6

What ligaments stablise the acromicoclavicular joint?

Answer 6

acromioclavicular and coraoclavicular ligament

Question 7

What muscles attach to the clavicle?

Answer 7

Pectorals major, deltoid, trapezius (lateral 1/3) , and SCM (1/3)

Question 8

function of scapula

Answer 8

Muscle attachment and mobility

Question 9

Articulation of scapula

Answer 9

Articulation

Acromion articulates with clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

Glenoid fossa articulates with humeral head at glenohumeral joint

Question 10

What are the three joints of the pectoral glide?

Answer 10

1- Gleno-humeral
2- Acromioclacicular joint 3- sternoclavicular joint

Question 11

Articulation of the humerus. ( two joints)

Answer 11

Glenohumeral joint:
-head with glenoid fossa

Elbow joint:
-Capitulum with radius (humeroradial)

-Trochlea with Ulna (humeroulnar)

Question 12

What is the structural and functional joint type of the Glenohumeral joint?

Answer 12

S= synovial ball and socket

F= multiaxial (diarthrosis)

Question 13

What are the three ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 13

Coracoacromial

Glenohumeral

Coracohumeral

Question 14

Origin, insertion and function of Coracoacromial ligament

Answer 14

O= Coracoid process

I= acromion

Functions
- Overlies head of humerus = prevents superior displacement

-Creates coracoacromial arch

Question 15

Origin, insertion and function of Glenohumeral ligament

Answer 15

O= Glenoid Labrum

I- Blends with the joint capsule and attaches to the anatomical neck

F= Reinforces anterior part of joint capsule

Question 16

Origin and insertion of coracohumeral ligament

Answer 16

o= coracoid process

I= greater tubercle

Question 17

What are the main stabilities of the Glenohumeral joint?

Answer 17

1- rotator cuff
2- tendon of long head of biceps brachii

Question 18

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 18

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

Question 19

Attachment, innervation and movement of supraspinatus

Answer 19

Supraspinous fossa –> greater tubercle

Suprascapular nerve

Shoulder abduction

Question 20

Attachment, innervation and movement of infraspinatus.

Answer 20

Infraspinous fossa –> greater tubercle

Suprascapular nerve

Lateral rotation of shoulder

Question 21

What are the three muscles of the Anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 21

Biceps brachii

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

Question 22

Attachment, innervation and movement of the biceps brachii?

Answer 22

Coracoid process + supraglenoid tubercle –> radial tuberosity

Musculocutaneous nerve

Elbow flexion

Forearm supination

Shoulder flexion

Question 23

Attachment, innervation and movement of the coracobrachilalis

Answer 23

Coracoid process –> Midshaft of humerus

Musculocutaneous nerve

Shoulder flexion

Shoulder abduction

Question 24

Attachment, innervation and movement of the Brachialis

Answer 24

Midshaft humerus –> ulna tuberosity

Musculocutaneous nerve

Elbow flexion

Question 25

What other muscles (aside from the rotator cuff and anterior compartment of arm muscles) act on the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 25

Pectorals minor Pectorals major Serratus anterior Trapezius Rhomboids Teres major Latissimus dorsi Tricep brachia long head

Question 26

What is the sensory and motor innervations of the Musculocutaneous brachial nerve?

Answer 26

S- Anterolateral forearm M- Muscles of anterior compartment of arm

Question 27

Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Axially brachial nerve.

Answer 27

C5-C6 s= Regimental badge m= Deltoid and teres minor

Question 28

Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of radial brachial nerve.

Answer 28

C5-C8, T1 Posterior UL and lateral thenar eminence All muscles in posterior compartment of arm

Question 29

Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Median brachial nerve.

Answer 29

C6-C8, T1 Lateral 3 digist (fingers) Distal aspects of lateral 3 fingers Most forearm flexors Thenar muscles 1st-2nd lumbricals

Question 30

Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Ulnar brachial nerve.

Answer 30

C7 (sometimes), C8, T1 Palmar: medial 1 ½ digits Dorsal: 1 ½ digits Flexor carpi ulnaris Most intrinsic muscles of the head

Question 31

Name the 8 peripheral nerves (shoulder and brachii) to know

Answer 31

Dorsal scapular Long thoratic Suprascapular Lateral pectoral Medial pectroal Superior subscapular nerve Inferior subscapular nerve Thoracodorsal

Question 32

Major arteries of the upper limb

Answer 32

subclavian artery → axillary artery → brachial artery → ulnar and radial arteries

Question 33

Mahor veins of the upper limb

Answer 33

Cephalic and basilic veins --> axialliry vein --> subclavian vein

Question 34

What passes through the suprascapular notch?

Answer 34

the suprascapular nerve

Question 35

What articulates with the acromion process of the scapula?

Answer 35

the clavicle

Question 36

What attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula at the tip?

Answer 36

Three muscles: Pectoralis Minor, Coracobrachialis, and Biceps Brachii

Question 37

What attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?

Answer 37

triceps brachii

Question 38

what attaches to the spine of the scapula

Answer 38

traps and deltoid

Question 39

What attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?

Answer 39

long head of biceos brachii

Question 40

what runs in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?

Answer 40

separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. It allows for the long tendon of the biceps brachii muscle to pass.

Question 41

What attaches to the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus (ligaments and muscles)

Answer 41

Greater tubercle: supraspinatus, infrapinatus and teres minor lesser tubercule: subscapularis transverse humeral ligament- joints the two tubercules

Question 42

What runs distal to the deltoid tuberosity in the spiral groove of posterior humerus?

Answer 42

radial nerve

Question 43

what type of synovial joints is the: a- sternoclavocular joint b-acrominoclavicar joint c- coracoclavicular joint

Answer 43

a- saddle b-plane c- plane

Question 44

Where does the short head of biceps brachji insert into?

Answer 44

coracoid process

Question 45

What do the (a) posterior and (b) anterior fibres of the deltoid allow for?

Answer 45

posterior = extentsion anterior = flexion

Question 46

which structures stabilise the attachment of the clavicle to neighbouring structures?

Answer 46

Actominocalvicular ligament coraciclavicular ligament sternoclaviclar joint

Question 47

What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?

Answer 47

trapazoid conoid

Question 48

What muscles attach to the clavicle?

Answer 48

SCM, deltoid, pecs major and traps

Question 49

if the clavicle is displaced, what structures are vulnerable to injury?

Answer 49

internal jugular vein subclavian artery and vein

Question 50

Cause of Winged Scapula

Answer 50

Long Thoracic nerve injury innervates serratus anterior = protection and medial rotation of scapula = unopposed retraction = winged

Question 51

In Bell's Palsy, what nerve is affected and what muscles does this nerve innervate?

Answer 51

facial nerve Obicularis oris and buccinator

Question 52

Compare the effects of a lesion at the midshaft humerus vs wrist

Answer 52

Both = Damage to radial nerve Lesion at Midshaft of Humerus: -wrist drop -triceps may be affected = loss of elbow extension -weakend supination, elbow flexion and wrist adduction and abduction. Lesion at wrist -loss of sensation on dorsolateral surface of hand