Shoulder and Brachium Flashcards
week 7
Function of the clavicle
Holds upper limb away from the trunk via the use of forces:
Clavicle transmitting forces: transmits forces from upper limb to trunk
What are the bones of the pectoral glide?
Clavicle and scapula
Bony Landmarks and features of the clavicle
Flat lateral end and rounded medial end
Lateral end: attachment of coracoclavicular ligament (conoid tubercle)
Medial end: attachment of costoclavicular ligament - attach to rib syn
Sternoclavicular atriculation
with manubrium of sternum medially = synovial saddle
Acromioclavicular joint articulation
= with acromion of scapula laterally = synovial plane
What ligaments stablise the acromicoclavicular joint?
acromioclavicular and coraoclavicular ligament
What muscles attach to the clavicle?
Pectorals major, deltoid, trapezius (lateral 1/3) , and SCM (1/3)
function of scapula
Muscle attachment and mobility
Articulation of scapula
Articulation
Acromion articulates with clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint
Glenoid fossa articulates with humeral head at glenohumeral joint
What are the three joints of the pectoral glide?
1- Gleno-humeral
2- Acromioclacicular joint 3- sternoclavicular joint
Articulation of the humerus. ( two joints)
Glenohumeral joint:
-head with glenoid fossa
Elbow joint:
-Capitulum with radius (humeroradial)
-Trochlea with Ulna (humeroulnar)
What is the structural and functional joint type of the Glenohumeral joint?
S= synovial ball and socket
F= multiaxial (diarthrosis)
What are the three ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial
Glenohumeral
Coracohumeral
Origin, insertion and function of Coracoacromial ligament
O= Coracoid process
I= acromion
Functions
- Overlies head of humerus = prevents superior displacement
-Creates coracoacromial arch
Origin, insertion and function of Glenohumeral ligament
O= Glenoid Labrum
I- Blends with the joint capsule and attaches to the anatomical neck
F= Reinforces anterior part of joint capsule
Origin and insertion of coracohumeral ligament
o= coracoid process
I= greater tubercle
What are the main stabilities of the Glenohumeral joint?
1- rotator cuff
2- tendon of long head of biceps brachii
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Attachment, innervation and movement of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa –> greater tubercle
Suprascapular nerve
Shoulder abduction
Attachment, innervation and movement of infraspinatus.
Infraspinous fossa –> greater tubercle
Suprascapular nerve
Lateral rotation of shoulder
What are the three muscles of the Anterior compartment of arm?
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Attachment, innervation and movement of the biceps brachii?
Coracoid process + supraglenoid tubercle –> radial tuberosity
Musculocutaneous nerve
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination
Shoulder flexion
Attachment, innervation and movement of the coracobrachilalis
Coracoid process –> Midshaft of humerus
Musculocutaneous nerve
Shoulder flexion
Shoulder abduction
Attachment, innervation and movement of the Brachialis
Midshaft humerus –> ulna tuberosity
Musculocutaneous nerve
Elbow flexion
What other muscles (aside from the rotator cuff and anterior compartment of arm muscles) act on the glenohumeral joint?
Pectorals minor
Pectorals major
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
Tricep brachia long head
What is the sensory and motor innervations of the Musculocutaneous brachial nerve?
S- Anterolateral forearm
M- Muscles of anterior compartment of arm
Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Axially brachial nerve.
C5-C6
s= Regimental badge
m= Deltoid and teres minor
Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of radial brachial nerve.
C5-C8, T1
Posterior UL and lateral thenar eminence
All muscles in posterior compartment of arm
Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Median brachial nerve.
C6-C8, T1
Lateral 3 digist (fingers)
Distal aspects of lateral 3 fingers
Most forearm flexors
Thenar muscles
1st-2nd lumbricals
Root, sensory innervation and motor innervation of Ulnar brachial nerve.
C7 (sometimes), C8, T1
Palmar: medial 1 ½ digits
Dorsal: 1 ½ digits
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Most intrinsic muscles of the head
Name the 8 peripheral nerves (shoulder and brachii) to know
Dorsal scapular
Long thoratic
Suprascapular
Lateral pectoral
Medial pectroal
Superior subscapular nerve
Inferior subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal
Major arteries of the upper limb
subclavian artery → axillary artery → brachial artery → ulnar and radial arteries
Mahor veins of the upper limb
Cephalic and basilic veins –> axialliry vein –> subclavian vein
What passes through the suprascapular notch?
the suprascapular nerve
What articulates with the acromion process of the scapula?
the clavicle
What attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula at the tip?
Three muscles:
Pectoralis Minor, Coracobrachialis, and Biceps Brachii
What attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle?
triceps brachii
what attaches to the spine of the scapula
traps and deltoid
What attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle?
long head of biceos brachii
what runs in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?
separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle. It allows for the long tendon of the biceps brachii muscle to pass.
What attaches to the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus (ligaments and muscles)
Greater tubercle: supraspinatus, infrapinatus and teres minor
lesser tubercule: subscapularis
transverse humeral ligament- joints the two tubercules
What runs distal to the deltoid tuberosity in the spiral groove of posterior humerus?
radial nerve
what type of synovial joints is the:
a- sternoclavocular joint
b-acrominoclavicar joint
c- coracoclavicular joint
a- saddle
b-plane
c- plane
Where does the short head of biceps brachji insert into?
coracoid process
What do the (a) posterior and (b) anterior fibres of the deltoid allow for?
posterior = extentsion
anterior = flexion
which structures stabilise the attachment of the clavicle to neighbouring structures?
Actominocalvicular ligament
coraciclavicular ligament
sternoclaviclar joint
What are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament?
trapazoid
conoid
What muscles attach to the clavicle?
SCM, deltoid, pecs major and traps
if the clavicle is displaced, what structures are vulnerable to injury?
internal jugular vein
subclavian artery and vein
Cause of Winged Scapula
Long Thoracic nerve injury
innervates serratus anterior = protection and medial rotation of scapula
= unopposed retraction = winged
In Bell’s Palsy, what nerve is affected and what muscles does this nerve innervate?
facial nerve
Obicularis oris
and buccinator
Compare the effects of a lesion at the midshaft humerus vs wrist
Both = Damage to radial nerve
Lesion at Midshaft of Humerus:
-wrist drop
-triceps may be affected = loss of elbow extension
-weakend supination, elbow flexion and wrist adduction and abduction.
Lesion at wrist
-loss of sensation on dorsolateral surface of hand
