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MSS > Elbow, forearm and wrist > Flashcards

Elbow, forearm and wrist Flashcards

Week 8

1
Q

Structural and functional joint type of the Elbow joint

A

Structural type: Synocial hinge joint

Functional type: diarthrosis (uniaxial)

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2
Q

Name the elbow joints and their articulation.

A

Humeroulnar
Trochlea with ulna

Humeroradial
Capitulum with radius

Proximal radio-ulnar

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3
Q

Name the ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Articular capsule
collateral (radial and ulna) ligaments
annular ligament

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4
Q

What is the attachment of the articular capsule?

A

Capitulum and trochlea –> coronoid process (ant) and olecranon process (pos)

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5
Q

What is the attachment of the ulna collateral and radial collateral ligament?

A

Ulnar CL:

Medial epicondyle –> coronoid process of olecranon

Radial CL:

Lateral epicondyle –> annular ligament

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6
Q

what is the function of the annular ligament?

A

Covers radial head (binds radial head into radial notch of ulna = supination and pronation)

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7
Q

Where doe the ulnar and radial bones articulate eachother?

A

proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

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8
Q

What movements does the radio-ulnar joint allow for? What hold these joints together to allow for this movement?

A

pronation and supernation

Held together by annular ligament at proximal end, articular disc at distal end and the interossues membrane.

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8
Q

What type of joint is the radio-ulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot
diarthrosis (uniaxial)

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9
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Pronator teres

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10
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medical epicondyle and olecranon –> pisiform and palmar surface of metacarpal V

Ulnar nerve

Wrist flexion
And adduction

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11
Q

Palmaris longus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle –> palmar aponeurosis

Median nerve

Wrist flexion

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12
Q

Flexor carpi radials : O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle –> palmar surface of metacarpal II-III

Median nerve

Wrist flexion and abduction

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13
Q

Pronator teres: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process –> lateral surface of radius

Median nerve

Pronation

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14
Q

What is the name, O/I, innervation and movement of the intermediate muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process –> through carpal tunnel –> middle phalanges (II-V)

Median nerve

Wrist flexion
Finger flexion

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15
Q

Name the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Anterior and medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane –> carpal tunnel –> distal phalanges (II-V)

Medial half = ulnar nerve
Lateral half= Median nerve

Wrist flexion
Finger flexion

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16
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane –> through carpal tunnel –> distal phalanx of thumb

Median nerve

Thumb flexion

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17
Q

pronator quadratus: O/I, innervation and movement

A

Linear ridge of distal anterior surface of ulna –> distal anterior surface of radius.

Median nerve

Pronation

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18
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm that are innervated by the median nerve.

A

Palmaris longus
flexor carpi radials
pronator teres

flexor digitorum superficialis

lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicsis longus
pronator quadratus

(all expect medial half of FDP and flexor carpi)

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19
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

A

brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor capri ulnaris

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20
Q

What are all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

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21
Q

O/I and movement of brachioradialis.

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge –> lateral surface of distal radius

Elbow flexion

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22
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge –> dorsal surface of base of metacarpal II

Wrist:
Extension
Abduction

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22
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle –> dorsal surface of metacarpals II-III
Wrist:
Extension
Abduction

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23
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor digitorum

A

Lateral epicondyle –> dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges II-V

Finger and wrist extension

24
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor capri ulnaris .

A

Lateral epicondyle and posterior boundary of ulna –> tubercule base of metacarpal V

Wrist ext and adduction

25
Q

O/I and movement of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle –> extensor hood of little finger

Little finger extension

26
Q

Which muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate at the lateral epicondyle?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor capri ulnaris

supinator

27
Q

O/I and movement of supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle and supinator crest of ulnar –> lateral surface of radius superior to anterior oblique line

Supination

28
Q

O/I and movement of abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane –> lateral side of metacarpal I

Thumb abduction
Accessory extensory of thumb

29
Q

O/I and movement of extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of ulna and and IM –> dorsal surface of distal phalanx of thumb

Thumb extension

30
Q

O/I and movement of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior surface of radius and adj IM –> dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of thumb

Radial nerve

Thumb extension

31
Q

O/I and movement of extensor indicis

A

Posterior surface of radius and adj IM –> extensory hood of index finger

Index finger extension

32
Q

What muscles allow for flexion at elbow joint?

A

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis

33
Q

What muscles allow for extension at the elbow joint?

A

Triceps brachii

34
Q

what muscles allow for supination at the elbow joint?

A

Biceps brachii
Supinator

35
Q

What type of joint is the radio carpal joint?

A

Synovial condyloid

Diarthrosis (biaxial)

35
Q

What muscles allow for pronation at the elbow joint?

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

36
Q

Articulation of the radio carpal joint

A

Radius of scaphoid and lunate

Articular disc of ulna with lunate and triquetrum

37
Q

What movements does the radiocarpal joint allow for?

A

flexion, extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction.

38
Q

Sup, Med, Lat, floor and roof borders of cubital fossa

A

Sup= lateral amd medial epicondyles

med= lateral margin of pronator teres

lat= medial margin of brachioradialis

floor= brachilais and supinator

roof = bicipital aponeurosi

39
Q

What does the cubital fossa contain?

A

Median nerve, brachial artery, radial nerve and tendon of biceps brachii.

40
Q

What does the roof of the carpal tunnel attach to and what are its contents?

A

Attach
flexor retinaculum –> trapezium and scaphoid

contents
4 tendons of digitorum superfiialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

41
Q

What are the three nerves of the forearm?

A

radial, median and ulnar

42
Q

Root, motor and sensory innervation of radial

A

C5-8 T1

All posterior compartment

Lateral dorsum of arm and forearm

Palmar surface

Later 3 and ½ digits (dorsal surface)

43
Q

Root, motor and sensory innervation of median

A

all ant expect for flexor capri ulnaris, and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Palmar surface and lateral 3 and 1/3 digits

Tips of lateral and ½ digits

44
Q

Root, motor and sensory innervation of ulnar

A

C7-8 and T1

Flexor digitorun profubndus
Flexor capri ulnaris
Hypothenar group
Lumbricals

Palmar 1st and ½ digists

45
Q

major arteries of forearm

A

Subclavian –> axillary –> brachial –> ulnar and radial

46
Q

Dermatomes of UL

A

C4- tip of shoulder
C5- regimental badge
C6- thumn
C7- tip o findex fingre
C8- tip of little finger
T1- anterior/medial elbow

46
Q

Major veins of forearm

A

cephallic and basilic –> axilliay –> subclavian

47
Q

Myotomes of the UL

A

C4- scapular elevation
C5- shoulder abduction
C6- elbow flexion
C7- elbow extension
C8- flexion of digits
T1- abduction and adduction of digits

48
Q

What type of joint and what movement is allowed by the humeroulnar joint?

A

Hinge

flexion, ext, cirum

49
Q

What type of joint and what movement is allowed by the humeroradial joint?

A

limited ball and socket, hinge type

flex, ext, sup, pro

50
Q

What bones make up the proximal radioulnar joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?

A

Radial head and radial notch of lateral aspect of proximal ulna

pivot

pronation and supranation

51
Q

What bones make up the distal radioulnar joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?

A

Pronation supination

Distal head of ulna and concave ulnar notch of radius

Pivot

52
Q

What bones make up the radiocarpal joint, what type of joint is it and what movements does it allow?

A

Flex, ext, add and abd

Distal radius, scaphoid and lunate

condyloid

53
Q

What is the function of the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments respectively?

A

U- stablsises by slowing elbow ext during throwing deceleartion phase

R- stability against inner and outer stress of elbow

54
Q

What are the two main branches of the anterior median nerve and where do they go/innervate?

A

1- anterior interosseous
-deeper muscles in anterior compartment of forearm

2- recurrent branch
-branches distally near wrist and innervates thenar muscles in the hand

55
Q

pathway of radial nerve

A

triceps –> brachioradialis –> branches into superficial and deep –> anatomical snuffbox

56
Q

Motor and sensory innervation of radial nerve

A

Motor: all posterior compartment of arm, NONE in hand

Sensory: lateral dorsum of arm and forearm, lateral 3 and ½ digits without tips (dorsal)

57
Q

Pathway, sensory and motor innervation of ulnar nerve

A

Pathway: medial to axillary –> medial to brachial artery

Motor: ½ FDP, FCU, Adductor pollicis, Hypothenar, lumbricals 3&4 and all interossei

Sensory: Palmar: 1 ½ digits, medial palm and hypothenar eminence, Dorsal = medial dorsum and median 15/6 digits

58
Q

Motor and sensory innervations of median nerve

A

Motor: All flexors (except ½ FDP and FCU), thenar muscles and 1st and 2nd lumbricals

Sensory palmar = lateral palm + lateral 3 ½ digits, Dorsal = tips of latyeral 3 ½ digits

MSS (18 decks)

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