leg, ankle and foot Flashcards
week 12
What are the tarsus bones?
Calcaneus
talus
cubpid
navicular
medial cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
What are the three regions of bones in the foot?
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges
What are the joints of the foot and their TYPE
Tarsometatarsal (plane)
Metatarsophalangeal (hinge)
Proximal interphalangeal (hinge)
Distal Interphalangeal (hinge)
What muscles of the leg allow for toe flexion?
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longs
What muscles of the leg allow for toe extension?
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucius longus
What joints does flexion/extension occur at?
metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
What are the three arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
what is the purpose of the arches of the foot?
Act as a spring
Bear weight of body
Shock absorption during locomotion
Makes feet adaptable to changes in surface
Planta aponeurosis (what and functions)
What
- deep fascia of the foot
function
-protects plantar surface
-holds part of the foot together
-supports longitudinall arches
What supports the arches
Plantar aponeurosis
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring)
Tendons of fibularis longus, tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
What are all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg INNERVATED by?
deep fibular nerve
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What is the innervation of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg.
Superficial fibular nerve
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? (sup and deep)
Sup
Gastrocemius
Soleus
Deep
Popliteus
Flexor hallucius longus
Flexor digitroum longus
Tibialis posterior
what are all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg innervated by?
Tibial nerve
what type of joint is the Talocrual Joint?
Synovial hinge joint
Articulation of Talocrucal Joint
sup surface of talus (trochlea) and distal end of tibia and fibula
what are the two ligaments that stabilise the talocrural joint?
Lateral ligaments
medial/deltoid ligament
What ligaments make up the lateral ligament of the talocrural joint?
Cancenofibular
what position of the foot is most stable?
dorsiflexion
- superior aspect of the trochlea is wider = increased bone congruity
-tighter talo-fibular ligaments
what muscles allow for dorsiflexion?
Anterior compartment of leg
What muscles allow for plantarflexion?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Fibularis longus
Supported by: FDL and FH
where is the Subtalar joint
articulation between talus and Calcaneus
what two joints make up the
Transverse Tarsal joint:
Talocalcaneonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint
What two movements occur at the transverse tarsal joint and what muscles do they use?
Inversion (Tibial’s anterior and posterior)
Eversion (fibularis longus and brevis)
What are the contents of the Tarsal Tunnel?
Tom: Tibialis Posterior
Dick: F Digitorum Longus
And: Tibial artery
Very: Tibial Vein
Nervous= Tibial nerve
Harry: F Hallucis Longus
what are the pulses of the foot
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis
What nerve wraps around the neck of the femur?
common fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the medial part of the thigh?
Obturator
What is the nerve that innervates the anterior part of the thigh?
femoral nerve
What is the nerve that innervates the lateral part of the thigh?
Lateral cutaneous
What is the nerve that innervates the posterior part of the thigh?
Sciatic and posterior cutaneous
What nerve innervates (sensory) the medial/anterior and posterior
Saphenous
what nerve innervates the upper lateral part of the leg?
common fibular
What nerve innervates the lower lateral leg?
superficial fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the dorsum?
Superficial fibular
What nerve innervates the space between the big toe and second toe?
deep fibular nerve
what nerve innervates the lateral foot?
sural nerve
what nerve innervates the medial foot?
spahenphous
what nerve innervates the heel and posterior sole?
tibial nerve
What nerve innervates the medial sole?
Medial plantar nerve
What nerve innervates the lateral sole?
lateral plantar nerve
In which position is the talo-crural joint least stable. Why?
plantar flexion
talus us wedge-shaped and the anterior is wider than the posterior so provides more stability in dorsiflexion and leaves palmar vulnerable.
