Head and Neck Flashcards
week 5
What are the cranial bones? (6)
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
What are the fibrous sutures?
coronal, saggital, squamous and lambdoid
What does the coronal suture join?
frontal and parietal bones
What does the saggital suture join?
parietal bones
What does the squamous suture join?
squamous part of the temporal bone and parietal bone
what does the lambdoid suture join?
occipital bone with parietal and temporal
what is the pterion?
convergence of the sutures of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
What are the facial bones? (7)
maxilla, mandible, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, vomer and palatine
How do they facial bones articulate?
all by immovable joints with the exception of the mandible (synovial condyloid joints)
Which facial bone are unpaired?
mandible, vomer and ethmoid
What are the bones of the nasal septum?
- ethmoid (superior midline)
- vomer (inferior midline)
- inferior nasal conchae
What is the Calvaria and where is it thick and thin?
Formed by squamous part of frontal bone, parietal bones and occipital bones
Thick= frontal and occipital bones
Thin = parietal bone
what are the four main groups of muscles of facial expression?
Orbital group
Nasal group
oral group
other group
What is the muscle that makes up the orbital group of facial expression muscles?
Orbicularis oculi
What are the actions of the Orbicularis oculi?
Ring of muscle around eye
Action = gentle closure of eyelid (palpebral part)
Forcible closure of eyelid (orbital eyelid)
What are the two parts of the nasalis and what are their actions?
Has transverse and alar parts
Action = narrows nosrils (transverse) dilates (alar)
What muscles make up the oral group of the facial expression muscles? (7)
orbicularis oris
buccinator,
zygomatic major
zygomatic minor
Risorius
depressor anguli oris
mentalis.
orbicularis oris
Around lips
Closes mouth and used for kissing
Buccinator
Deep muscle of cheek
Forcibly expresses air and chewing
What are the muscles that assist in smiling?
Major Zygomatic: Raises the angle of mouth superolateral (smiling)
Minor Zygomatic : elevates upper lip
Risoriius: Draws mouth/ stretches lip laterally
depressor anguli oris
Depresses angle of mouth
Mentalis
Cover chin
Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
Positions lip in drinking
Platysma
Superficial neck muscle from clavicle to mandible
Tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible
Outline the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve (somatosensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Somatosensory
Skin of face, mucosa of sinuses, nose and oral cavity
Sympathetic
Pupil dilation, supplies ciliary body, irirs and lacrimal gland
Parasympathetic
Lacrima glands, nasal mucosa and submandibular and sublingual glands
What are the main muscles of the Anteriolateral neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
Infrahyoid
Suprahyoid
Scalenes
What are the borders of the anterior trangle?
Anterior margin of SCM (laterally)
Inferior margin of mandible (superiorly)
midline of neck (medially)
What innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve CN VII
what nerve gives sensory innervation of the face?
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
- ophthalmic (CN V1)
- maxillary (CN V2)
- mandibular (CN V3)
what is the vertex? why is it significant?
- anatomically, the most superior part of the skull
- the point at which innervation changes from cervical to cranial innervation
Where is the phrenic nerve located? spinal roots?
- posterior to the internal jugular vein, overlying the anterior scalene
- C3-C5
Action and innervation of Suprahyoids
Action: elevates hyoid bone (if mandible fixed) and depresses (if hyoid is fixed)
innervation: facial nerve (CN VII), mandibular nerve of trigemninal nerve (CN V3) and anterior ramus of C1.
What is the action of the infrahyoids?
depresses the hyoid bone
what is in the innervation of the hyoid bone?
anterior rami C1-3 thouhh ansa cervicalis
what is the ansa cervicalis?
loop of anterior rami nerves from C1-C3
what are the movements of the SCM?
- neck flexion (bilateral contraction)
- lateral flexion of the neck (ipsilateral unilateral contraction)
- contralateral rotation of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
Innervation of the SCM.
accessory nerve (CN XI)
Anterior rami of C2-3
where are the scalenes?
deep to the SCM - 1st and 2nd ribs
movements of the scalenes.
- lateral flexion of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
- contralateral rotation of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
- elevate the first 2 ribs (accessory muscle of inspiration)
innervation of the scalenes
anterior rami of C3-C7
What innervates the muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve (CN VII)
name the branches of the trigeminal nerve.
- ophthalmic (CN V1)
- maxillary (CN V2)
- mandibular (CN V3)
Where is the phrenic nerve located? spinal roots?
Where: posterior to the internal jugular vein, overlying the anterior scalene
roots: C3-C5
What is the name of the arteries that supply the head? What do they supply?
internal carotid - goes to the brain
external carotid- gives origin to the facial artery
What vessels provide venous drainage of the head?
- internal jugular vein (drains the facial vein)
- external jugular vein
What are the muscles of masification?
Primary: Masseter. Temporalis. Lateral pterygoid. Medial pterygoid.
Secondary (accessory) = Buccinator. Suprahyoid and infrahyoids muscles
From which foramen does the Facial nerve (CN VII) exit the skull?
stylomastoid
What is the region located just lateral to the angle of the mouth where multiple muscles interlace is known as?
Modiolus
Which branch of the Trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular
