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MSS > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

week 5

1
Q

What are the cranial bones? (6)

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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2
Q

What are the fibrous sutures?

A

coronal, saggital, squamous and lambdoid

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3
Q

What does the coronal suture join?

A

frontal and parietal bones

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4
Q

What does the saggital suture join?

A

parietal bones

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5
Q

What does the squamous suture join?

A

squamous part of the temporal bone and parietal bone

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6
Q

what does the lambdoid suture join?

A

occipital bone with parietal and temporal

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7
Q

what is the pterion?

A

convergence of the sutures of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

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8
Q

What are the facial bones? (7)

A

maxilla, mandible, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, vomer and palatine

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9
Q

How do they facial bones articulate?

A

all by immovable joints with the exception of the mandible (synovial condyloid joints)

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10
Q

Which facial bone are unpaired?

A

mandible, vomer and ethmoid

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11
Q

What are the bones of the nasal septum?

A
  1. ethmoid (superior midline)
    1. vomer (inferior midline)
  2. inferior nasal conchae
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12
Q

What is the Calvaria and where is it thick and thin?

A

Formed by squamous part of frontal bone, parietal bones and occipital bones

Thick= frontal and occipital bones

Thin = parietal bone

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13
Q

what are the four main groups of muscles of facial expression?

A

Orbital group
Nasal group
oral group
other group

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14
Q

What is the muscle that makes up the orbital group of facial expression muscles?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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15
Q

What are the actions of the Orbicularis oculi?

A

Ring of muscle around eye

Action = gentle closure of eyelid (palpebral part)

Forcible closure of eyelid (orbital eyelid)

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the nasalis and what are their actions?

A

Has transverse and alar parts

Action = narrows nosrils (transverse) dilates (alar)

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17
Q

What muscles make up the oral group of the facial expression muscles? (7)

A

orbicularis oris

buccinator,

zygomatic major

zygomatic minor

Risorius

depressor anguli oris

mentalis.

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18
Q

orbicularis oris

A

Around lips

Closes mouth and used for kissing

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19
Q

Buccinator

A

Deep muscle of cheek

Forcibly expresses air and chewing

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20
Q

What are the muscles that assist in smiling?

A

Major Zygomatic: Raises the angle of mouth superolateral (smiling)

Minor Zygomatic : elevates upper lip

Risoriius: Draws mouth/ stretches lip laterally

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21
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

Depresses angle of mouth

22
Q

Mentalis

A

Cover chin

Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)

Positions lip in drinking

23
Q

Platysma

A

Superficial neck muscle from clavicle to mandible

Tenses skin of neck and depresses mandible

24
Q

Outline the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve (somatosensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic)

A

Somatosensory
Skin of face, mucosa of sinuses, nose and oral cavity

Sympathetic
Pupil dilation, supplies ciliary body, irirs and lacrimal gland

Parasympathetic
Lacrima glands, nasal mucosa and submandibular and sublingual glands

25
Q

What are the main muscles of the Anteriolateral neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Infrahyoid

Suprahyoid

Scalenes

26
Q

What are the borders of the anterior trangle?

A

Anterior margin of SCM (laterally)

Inferior margin of mandible (superiorly)

midline of neck (medially)

27
Q

What innervates muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve CN VII

28
Q

what nerve gives sensory innervation of the face?

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

29
Q

What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. ophthalmic (CN V1)
  2. maxillary (CN V2)
  3. mandibular (CN V3)
30
Q

what is the vertex? why is it significant?

A
  1. anatomically, the most superior part of the skull
  2. the point at which innervation changes from cervical to cranial innervation
31
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve located? spinal roots?

A
  1. posterior to the internal jugular vein, overlying the anterior scalene
    1. C3-C5
32
Q

Action and innervation of Suprahyoids

A

Action: elevates hyoid bone (if mandible fixed) and depresses (if hyoid is fixed)

innervation: facial nerve (CN VII), mandibular nerve of trigemninal nerve (CN V3) and anterior ramus of C1.

33
Q

What is the action of the infrahyoids?

A

depresses the hyoid bone

34
Q

what is in the innervation of the hyoid bone?

A

anterior rami C1-3 thouhh ansa cervicalis

35
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis?

A

loop of anterior rami nerves from C1-C3

36
Q

what are the movements of the SCM?

A
  • neck flexion (bilateral contraction)
  • lateral flexion of the neck (ipsilateral unilateral contraction)
  • contralateral rotation of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
37
Q

Innervation of the SCM.

A

accessory nerve (CN XI)
Anterior rami of C2-3

38
Q

where are the scalenes?

A

deep to the SCM - 1st and 2nd ribs

39
Q

movements of the scalenes.

A
  • lateral flexion of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
  • contralateral rotation of the neck (unilateralcontraction)
  • elevate the first 2 ribs (accessory muscle of inspiration)
40
Q

innervation of the scalenes

A

anterior rami of C3-C7

41
Q

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

name the branches of the trigeminal nerve.

A
  1. ophthalmic (CN V1)
  2. maxillary (CN V2)
  3. mandibular (CN V3)
43
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve located? spinal roots?

A

Where: posterior to the internal jugular vein, overlying the anterior scalene

roots: C3-C5

44
Q

What is the name of the arteries that supply the head? What do they supply?

A

internal carotid - goes to the brain
external carotid- gives origin to the facial artery

45
Q

What vessels provide venous drainage of the head?

A
  1. internal jugular vein (drains the facial vein)
    1. external jugular vein
46
Q

What are the muscles of masification?

A

Primary: Masseter. Temporalis. Lateral pterygoid. Medial pterygoid.

Secondary (accessory) = Buccinator. Suprahyoid and infrahyoids muscles

47
Q

From which foramen does the Facial nerve (CN VII) exit the skull?

A

stylomastoid

48
Q

What is the region located just lateral to the angle of the mouth where multiple muscles interlace is known as?

A

Modiolus

49
Q

Which branch of the Trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular

50
Q
A

MSS (18 decks)

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