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MSS > Hip and gluteal > Flashcards

Hip and gluteal Flashcards

week 10

1
Q

What are the three apertures of the pelvis?

What forms them?

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen

lesser Sciatic Foramen

Obturator Canal

Formed by:
Sacrocpinious and sacrotuberous ligaments

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2
Q

Structural and functional type of Hip Joint.

A

Synovial ball and socket

diathrosis

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3
Q

What is the function of the acetabularlabrum?

A

fibrocartilaginousrim that further deepens the acetabulum

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4
Q

Name the ligaments that stabilise the Hip Joint

A

ischiofemoral
pubofemoral
iliofemoral
ligament of head and neck

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5
Q

O/I and function of Iliofemoral Ligament

A

AIIS –> intertrochanteric line

Function
Holds femoral head into acetabulum (when standing)

Tightening = limited ext, add, abd and lat rotation.

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6
Q

O/I and function of Pubofemoral

A

Obturator crest and iliopubic eminence –> iliofemoral ligament

Tightening limits ext, abd and lateral rotation

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7
Q

O/I and function of ischiofemoral ligament

A

Ischial part of acetabular margin –> neck of femur

Tightening limits ext, add and medial rotation

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8
Q

O/I and function of the ligament of the Head of the Femur

A

Fovea –> acetabulum

Structural support for vessels providing nutrients to head of femur

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9
Q

What is the main muscle of the iliac region and what two muscles make it up?

A

Iliopsoas
-iliacus
-psoas major

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10
Q

O/I of Illiposaos

A

Iliac fossa –> blends with psoas major –> lesser trochanter

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11
Q

O/I of Psoas Major

A

T12-L5 vertebrae –> lesser trochanter

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12
Q

Innervation, movement and other functions of the iliopsoas

A

Femoral nerve = illacus
Anterior rami L1—3 = psoas major

Hip flexion

Postural muscle

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13
Q

Name the muscles of the gluteal region

A

Tensor fasciae latae

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimis

piriformis

Superior gemellus

Obturator internus

Inferior gemellus

Quadratus femoris

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14
Q

What are the functions of the gluteus minimis?

A

Hib abd and medial rotation

Steadies pelvis when opposite foot is raised

Prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side

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15
Q

Where do all but two (name these two) muscles of the gluteal region insert?

A

greater trochanter

except for: tensor fasciae latae and Gluteus maximus

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16
Q

What muscles of the gluteal region does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimi and tensor faciae latae

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17
Q

What muscles of the gluteal region does the nerve to the Obturator internus innervate?

A

Superior gemellus and obturator internus

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18
Q

What muscles of the gluteal region does the Nerve to the quadratus femoris innervate?

A

inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris

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19
Q

What are the two muscles of the Anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps Femoris group abd sartorius

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20
Q

Name the four muscles that make up the Quadriceps femoris group

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedialis
rectus femoris
vastus medialis

21
Q

What nerve innervates all of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

22
Q

What two muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are involved in knee extension and stabilising the patellar?

A

Quadriceps Femoris Group: Vastus medialis and Vastu lateralis

23
Q

What is the path to insertion for all of the quadricep femoris group muscles?

A

Tendon of quadriceps –> patellar ligament –> tibial tuberosity

24
Q

Name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator externus

Pectineus

Adductor brevis

Adductor longus

Adductor magnus

gracilis

25
Q
A
26
Q

What are all but 1 1/2 (name these) muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve

exceptions
-hamstring part of adducur magnus and pectineus

27
Q

What are the two muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

hamstring and short head of biceps femoris

28
Q

Name the three muscles that make up the hamstring

A

Semimembranosus
semitendinosus
long head of biceps femoris

29
Q

What are the common features of the hamstring muscles?

A

O/I
= all originate from ischial tuberosity

Movements
= all act on BOTH hip and knee joints

Innervation
= all by Tibial nerve

30
Q

Which parts of the hamstring are involved in medial rotation?

A

Semitendinosis and semimembranosus

31
Q

What muscles insert in the Pes Anserinus?

A

Sargent abbrveited to SGT:

Sartorius, Gracilis and SemiTendinosus

32
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Sup: ingunial ligament

Med: adductor longus

Lat: sartorius

Floor: iliopsoas (laterally), pectineus and add longis (medially)

33
Q

What are the nerves and their roots of the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

Sciatic
L4-S3

Superior gluteal
Dorsal division of L4-S1

Inferior gluteal
L5-S2

34
Q

Signs and affectted muscles of Superior Gliteal Nerve Lesion

A

Affects:
Gluteus medius and miminis,

Adduction of hip affected
Pelvic tilt

Tredelenburg sign

35
Q

What is a positive Trendelenburg sign?

A

=

When a person is standing on one leg and unsupported side decsends

36
Q

What features of the femoral triangle can be palpated

A

Inguinal ligament, tendon adductor longus and pubic tubercle.

37
Q

what is the clinical significance of the superficial position of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?

A

palpate the femoral arterial pulse,

compression of this artery will reduce blood flow to the LL and is very vulnerable to trauma

cannulated as a long, thin catheter goes through the artery and passes through iliac artery  common ilia artery  aorta  left ventricle of heart.

38
Q

what muscle lies most superficial in the buttock?

A

Gluteus maximus

39
Q

What nerve lies deep to the buttock and is at risk of damage during a misplaced injection?

A

sciatic nerve

40
Q

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate (motor)

A

All posterior compartment of thigh, all leg and foot muscles

41
Q

where should a needle to the buttock be given and what muscles does it enter?

A

Upper lateral quadrant

gluteus medius, tensor fascia latae and possibly the gluteus minimus.

42
Q

What are the two bony parts of the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum and femoral head

43
Q

What are the roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

44
Q

Roots of the Superior and inferior gluteal nerve.

A

Superior gluteal

Dorsal division of L4-S1

Inferior gluteal

L5-S2

45
Q

Why is the gluteus minimus and medius important for walking/

A

allow for hip abduction and medial rotation

hip abduction= supported leg can swing forwards without hitting ground

when walk, pelvis descends on unsupported side = lower limb becomes too long to clear ground = so individual leans away from unsupported side and raises pelvis

46
Q

what nerve roots are tested in a knee jerk reflex and what muscle group does it involve

A

L3 and L4
quadirceips
(femoral nerve)

47
Q

what is the function of the medial menisci of the knee joint?

A

deepen joint for better bone congruity and cushion joint for shock absorption

48
Q

what causes foot drop?

A

damage to the common fibular nerve

e.g laceration to lateral aspect just below head of fibula

Common Fibula innervates anterior compartment (esp Tibialis anterior) which allows for dorsiflexion. Thus loose ability to dorsiflex

MSS (18 decks)

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