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MSS > knee joint and thigh > Flashcards

knee joint and thigh Flashcards

Week 12

1
Q

What is the function of the patellar?

A

Distributes the force of the quadriceps tendon

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2
Q

Patellar: Lateral lip function:

A

keeps the patella in line with the femur during knee movements (patellofemoral tracking)

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3
Q

What are the two joints of the knee joint?

A

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

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4
Q

What is the functional joint type and movements of the Tibiofemoral joint?

A

Type: Modified hinge joint (structurally = condyloid)

Movements:
Extension, flexion and some rotation

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5
Q

What is the joint type and function of the patellofemoral joint?

A

Functional: synovial plane joint

Movements: gliding

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6
Q

What is the menisci and what are its functions?

A

What:
Fibrocartilage wedges on the tibial plateau, articulate with femoral condyles

functions:
wedge shape improves congruity,
shock absorbs.

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint?

A

Extracapsular:
-patellar ligament
-collateral ligaments (medial/tibial and lateral/fibular)

intracapsular
-anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
-posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

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8
Q

What is the patellar ligament?

A

Continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon from apex of patella –> tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the attachment of the medial/tibial collaterol ligament?

A

Medial femoral epicondyle –> medial surface of tibia and blends with capsule

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10
Q

What is the attachment of the lateral/fibular collateral ligament?

A

Lateral femoral epicondyle –> head of the fibula

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11
Q

What is the function of the two collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

A

limit rotation and lateral movements of knee

taunt in extension

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12
Q

What are the functions of the ACL?

A

Taunt in extension (prevent hyperextension)

Prevent:

  • posterior displacement of femur on tibia

-anterior displacement of tibia on femur

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13
Q

Describe the attachment of the ACL and PCL.

A

Both originate from the intercondylar are of the tibia and insert on the femoral condyle

ACL= anterior –> medial side of lateral femoral condyle

PLC= posterior side –> lateral side of medial femoral condyle

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14
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Taunt in flexion (prevent hyperflexion)

prevents:

-anterior displacement of femur on tibia

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15
Q

What are the bursae of the knee joint?

A

Surapatella bursa

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

Deep and superficial infrapatella bursa

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16
Q

What is the function of the suprapatella bursa?

A

communicate with synovial cavity

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17
Q

What is the function of the subcutanepus prepatellar bursa?

A

protection during kneeling

18
Q

What is the function of the deep and superficial infra patellar bursa?

A

Protection during movement of the quadriceps.

19
Q

Steps of the Knee Locking mechanism

A

Flat inferior aspect of femoral condyles in contact with tibia (congruous surfaces = stable)

Medial rotation of femoral condyles on tibial plateau –> tightening of ligaments

Body’s center of gravity falls in line anterior to the knee joint –> pushing it into extension –> tightening ligaments

20
Q

What muscles allow for flexion of the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings

Weaker flexors (Sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius and plantaris)

21
Q

What muscles allow for extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadricpes femoris

22
Q

what muscles allow for
Lateral rotation of the leg

A

Biceps femoris

23
Q

What muscles allow for medial rotation if the leg?

A

semitendinosus and semimembranous (of hamstrings)

24
Q

In what position is rotation not possible in?

A

Extension

25
Q

contents of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery and vein

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

26
Q

boundries of the Popliteal fossa

A

Superomedial = semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Superolateral = biceps femoris

Inferomedial = medial head of gastrocnemius

Inferolateral = lateral head of gastrocnemius

27
Q

Where does the adductor canal start and finish?

A

( starts at the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus)

28
Q

Boundaries of the adductor canal

A

anteriorly by sartorius

laterally by vastus medialis

posteriorly by adductor longus and adductor magnus

29
Q

contents of the Adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastsus medialis
saphenous nerve

30
Q

What does the femoral artery turn into at the adductor hiatus?

A

Popliteal artery and vein

31
Q

Which structures attach to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?

A

medial:
-medial collateral
- pes anserine tendon (SRT)

lateral
-LCL
-iliotibial band

32
Q

what attaches at the fibula head and neck?

A

head
-proximal tibofibular ligament

neck
-biceps femoris tendon
-fibular collateral ligament

33
Q

what muscles of the thigh play a major role in mainating dynamic stability of the knee and can be wasted if the knee is injured?

A

Quadriceps: mainly vastus lateralis and medialis

34
Q

what stretch reflex involves the hamstrings and quadrcieps?

what are the nerve roots of this test?

A

patellar tendon reflex

L3 or L4

35
Q

why does the transverse ligament often tear when the medial collateral ligament tears?

A

damage to the MCL disrupts the normal biomechanics of the knee, placing additional stress on the transverse ligament.

(forces that would normally be distributed across the MCL may be redirected to the transverse ligament)

36
Q

what is the role of the transverse ligament of the knee?

A

tibial alignment, meniscal stability and joint stability

37
Q

anterior drawer test:

what tests:

How tests:

A

tests: ACL stability

how:
1- patient lies on their back with the knee flexed at a 90

2- The examiner sits on the patient’s foot to stabilize it.

3- The examiner gently pulls the tibia forward in relation to the femur.

38
Q

positive anterior drawer test

A

The tibia moves excessively FORWARDS in relation to the femur. This suggests that the ACL may be torn or partially torn.

(not a diagnosis)

39
Q

what is the posterior drawer test and how is it preformed?

A

what:
physical examination maneuver used to assess the stability of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

how:
same set up as the anterior but the examiner pushes tibia backwards in relation to the femur

40
Q

positive posterior drawer test

A

tibia moves excessively BACKWARDS in relation to the femur. This suggests that the PCL may be torn or partially torn.

MSS (18 decks)

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