SG 4.4 Flashcards
function of mRNA
contains message and codes for amino acid sequence
function of tRNA
transfers amino acids and contains anticodons that pair with mRNA codons in a correct order
function of rRNA
facilitates matching of mRNA and tRNA and joins amino acids to synthesize proteins
A site
matches correct incoming tRNA to the next codon in the mRNA
P site
holds tRNA carrying growing polypeptide chain
E site
empty tRNA leaves ribosome from exit site
gene expression
the process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
What 2 components were required for successful protein production?
At Least one positive transcription factor and an RNA polymerase
What 2 components stopped/slowed successful protein production?
Having no transcription factor or adding a negative transcription factor.
What 3 factors/components increased the rate of transcription?
a high concentration of positive TF, a high affinity of the Positive TF to the DNA, and a high affinity of RNA polymerase to the DNA and TF
What 2 factors/components stopped/slowed the rate of transcription?
The High Concentration of negative TF and the high affinity of negative TF to the DNA.
What 3 factors/components increased GFP production?
Positive TF Concentration, Positive TF Affinity, and Polymerase Affinity
What 2 factors/components stopped/decreased GFP production?
mRNA Destroyer Concentration and Protein Degradation.
mutation
change in DNA
causes of mutation
DNA replication, mutagens, and viral infections
point mutations
substitution of single base
silent mutation
no change
missense
change in base causes change in amino acid sequence
what is most likely to affect a proteins function
replacing a hydrophilic amino acid with a hydrophobic amino acid
nonsense
it stops
frameshift
shift in reading frame
prokaryotes
DNA in cytoplasm
circular chromosome
naked DNA
no introns
eukaryotes
