3.2 and 3.3

Question 1

monomer of nucleic acids
polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 1

nucleotide, DNA/RNA

Question 2

monomer of proteins
polymers of proteins

Answer 2

amino acids, polypeptide

Question 3

monomer of carbohydrates
polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 3

monosaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 4

monomer of lipids
polymer of lipids

Answer 4

fatty acid, triglycerides/phospholipids

Question 5

function of nucleic acids

Answer 5

store and transfer genetic information in the cell

Question 6

function of proteins

Answer 6

storage, movement, transport, identification, defense, chemical reactions, structures and communication

Question 7

function of carbohydrates

Answer 7

monosaccharides- primary source of energy for cells
disaccharides/polysaccharides- store the sugars until they are needed
and another type of polysaccharides (glucose) makes up the cell walls of plants

Question 8

function of lipids

Answer 8

are a long-term energy storage molecules and can act as insulation and protection of organs

Question 9

What are the similarities in amino acid structures?

Answer 9

they all have the function group amino and carboxyl

Question 10

What are the differences in amino acid structures?

Answer 10

The side chains have different functional groups and properties

Question 11

What are the four levels or protein structure?

Answer 11

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 12

What happens during protein denaturation?

Answer 12

unfolding of a protein, the secondary and tertiary structures get destroyed and only the primary structure is retained

Question 13

How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophobic interactions?

Answer 13

Hydrophobic cluster together on the inside of the protein

Question 14

How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophilic interactions?

Answer 14

Hydrophilic amino acids are left on the outside to interact with nearby molecules

Question 15

How are tertiary structures formed by acidic and basic side chains?

Answer 15

They form ionic attractions

Question 16

How are tertiary structures formed by the cysteine side chain?

Answer 16

They form covalent disulfide bonds

Question 17

What are the proteins types and functions?

Answer 17

enzymes- catalyze the important chemical reactions that occur in our cells
hormones- messengers that help switch cell process off and on
antibodies- recognize and attack foreign cells and viruses
structural proteins- gives them the shape and allows the cell to move while others hold the tissue together

Question 18

Compare the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules

Answer 18

All are organic compounds,
obtained from living organisms,
all are a source of energy but carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for living organisms, and
all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 19

Contrast the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules

Answer 19

they have different connecting smaller molecules in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, proteins sometimes have sulfur atoms and nucleic acids have nitrogen and phosphorous atoms