4.3 Transcriptions Flashcards
where is the central dogma
from gene to protein
what is the process between DNA and RNA
transcription
what is the process between RNA and protein
translation
what is a transcribed DNA strand
template strand
what is a untranscribed DNA strand
coding strand
what is the main enzyme
RNA polymerase
What is the promoter
start side of transcription, most eukaryotes have the TATA box, and it signals transcription factors and then RNA polymerase attach
what is an enhancer or silencer
it is a binding site for transcription factors, they act as a switch, and controls if/how much RNA is made from a gene
what is an exon
sequences that will be present in the mRNA
what is an intron
will be spliced out and removed
Regulatory region
promoter and enhancer
coding region
exons and introns
What is happening in stage 1, initiation
transcription factors bind to promoter/enhancer regions, attract and prepare RNA polymerase to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA
what is happening in stage 2, elongation
RNA pol breaks free of TF, a protective 5’ cap is added to RNA, as RNA copies DNA, other proteins are recruited that splice out introns
what is happening in stage 3, termination
at the polyadenylation site, the termination sequence is recognized and cut, a polyA is added to the end of the new RNA molecule, the longer the tail, the longer the mRNA will be in cytoplasm and the more protein can be made from it
