7.1 Study Guide

Question 1

what happens in the G1 phase

Answer 1

the cell increases in size and prepares to replicate DNA

Question 2

what happens in the S phase

Answer 2

the cell replicates its DNA
It has two complete chromosomes by the end

Question 3

what happens in the G2 phase

Answer 3

the cell continues to grow and prepares for division
this is where the DNA is healthy, chromosomes are replicated, and it has enough cell components

Question 4

what happens in the G0 phase

Answer 4

a resting or non-dividing stage when a cell gets a signal to differentiate, or when resources are lacking

Question 5

an example and role of growth factors

Answer 5

Chemical messengers that ensure cells grow and divide at the right time, supporting healthy development, and tissue maintenance

Question 6

what happens in the M phase

Answer 6

the cell stops growing and divides into two daughter cells, each with the same amount of chromosomes

Question 7

an example and role of cyclins

Answer 7

they are the managers of the cell cycle, ensuring that tasks like growth, DNA replication, and cell division are completed in the right sequence

Question 8

an example and role of cdks

Answer 8

they ensure that the cell does not proceed to the next phase unless the previous one is complete and any damage is repaired

Question 9

an example and role of p53

Answer 9

monitors the integrity of the cell’s DNA and responds to damage or stress by halting the cell cycle.

Question 10

why do mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer