10.2 Study Guide

Question 1

Ecological succession

Answer 1

The natural process of change in the structure and species composition of an ecosystem over time.

Question 2

Primary succession

Answer 2

The development of a new ecosystem where no life previously existed — starts on bare rock or sand (e.g., after volcanic eruption or glacier retreat).

Question 3

Secondary succession

Answer 3

The recovery of an ecosystem after a disturbance — happens where life existed before but was removed (e.g., after a fire, flood, or human activity)

Question 4

Pioneer species

Answer 4

The first organisms to colonize an area during succession — usually hardy species like mosses, lichens, or grasses that can survive harsh conditions

Question 5

Seral stages

Answer 5

The different stages or steps in the process of succession — each stage has different types of species until a climax community is reached.

Question 6

Genetic Diversity

Answer 6

The variety of genetic material within a species’ population — higher genetic diversity makes species more adaptable to changes and threats.

Question 7

Species Evenness

Answer 7

How evenly individuals are distributed among the different species in an ecosystem — high evenness means species are present in similar numbers.

Question 8

Climax community

Answer 8

The final, stable community that forms at the end of succession — it’s in balance with the environment unless disturbed.

Question 9

Species Richness

Answer 9

The number of different species present in an ecosystem — higher species richness means more biodiversity.