7.4 Study Guide

Question 1

meiosis

Answer 1

cell division to create gametes
chromosome # reduced by half

Question 2

fertilization

Answer 2

restores chromosome numbers

Question 3

homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

2 of each type of chromosome

Question 4

sister chromatids

Answer 4

two identical copies of a chromosome

Question 5

haploid

Answer 5

1 copy of each chromosome

Question 6

diploid (2n)

Answer 6

2 copies of each chromosome

Question 7

somatic cells

Answer 7

cells that are not involved in reproduction (Mitosis)

Question 8

reproductive cells

Answer 8

Reproductive cells, also known as germ cells, are specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction. In males, reproductive cells are called sperm cells, while in females, they are called egg cells or oocytes. These cells are responsible for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next

Question 9

gamete

Answer 9

Gametes are specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction. They are produced by males and females and fuse during fertilization to form a new individual.

Question 10

crossing over

Answer 10

Crossing over is a genetic process that occurs during meiosis, the cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs). It involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in the creation of new combinations of genes

Question 11

independent assortment

Answer 11

Independent assortment is a principle in genetics that states that during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the alleles (different forms of a gene) for different traits segregate independently of each other. This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.