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Block 3 > SFP: valves and vessels > Flashcards

SFP: valves and vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Clinically, what does aortic stenosis cause?

A

Systolic ejection murmur

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2
Q

People with __ valves are more prone to calcific aortic stenosis.

A

Bicuspid

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3
Q

What are some issues with calcific aortic stenosis?

A

Ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, poor perfusion

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4
Q

Clinically, what does mitral valve prolapse cause?

A

Mid-systolic click

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5
Q

Who is predisposed to mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?

A

People with connective tissue disorders

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6
Q

What issues are associated with MVP?

A

Mitral insufficiency, heart failure, death (rare)

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7
Q

Acute rheumatic disease is often in the __.

A

Myocardium

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8
Q

Chronic rheumatic disease is often in the…

A

Valves

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9
Q

Which layers can rheumatic heart disease impact?

A

Any of them

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10
Q

Rheumatic heart disease is caused by what pathogen?

A

Strep pyogenes

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11
Q

Describe acts rheumatic valvulitis.

A

Little red beads along the valve closure; this can eventually lead to stenosis

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12
Q

Describe rheumatic heart disease in the myocardium.

A
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13
Q

Describe rheumatic heart disease in the pericardium.

A

Rheumatic pericarditis

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14
Q

What is an Aschoff nodule?

A

A collection of activated macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. This is seen as a result of rheumatic myocarditis

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15
Q

Where do we commonly see Aschoff nodules?

A

The myocardium, but they can be in any layer

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16
Q

If someone has mitral stenosis, what is a common cause?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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17
Q

Describe acute endocarditis.

A

Medical emergency! Cardio collapse, high fever, etc.

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18
Q

Describe subacute endocarditis.

A

Not as serious, symptoms wax and wane

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19
Q

What valves does infective endocarditis tend to target?

A

Predisposed valves

20
Q

What presentation does infective endocarditis cause?

A

Bulky, friable vegetations

21
Q

People with normal valves are most likely to get infective endocarditis from..

A

Staph aureus

22
Q

Acute endocarditis tends to be from…

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

Subacute endocarditis tends to be from…

A

Strep viridans

24
Q

What valve does Strep viridans prefer?

A

Abnormal ones

25
Q

In what case do we see tricuspid valve infective endocarditis?

A

IV drug use with Staph aureus

26
Q

In what case do we give preventative antibiotics for Strep viridans?

A

Immunocompromised people having dental work

27
Q

What are some indicators of endocarditis?

A

Meningitis, Osler nodes, Janeway lesions, and splinter hemorrhages

28
Q

What tends to cause nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?

A

Fibrin and platelets

29
Q

Can nonbacterial endocarditis make you septic?

A

No, completely sterile

30
Q

What are common features of someone with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?

A

They’re typically in a hypercoagulable state

31
Q

What valves is nonbacterial endocarditis drawn to?

A

Normal

32
Q

What are complications of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis?

A

Emboli/infarctions

33
Q

Can endocarditis from lupus cause sepsis?

A

No

34
Q

What part of the valve does endocarditis caused by lupus impact?

A

Can be anywhere, and is often on both sides of the valve

35
Q

What valve is most commonly replaced?

A

Aortic

36
Q

Valve replacements make you prone to..

A

Endocarditis

37
Q

What is a common complication of prosthetic valve placement?

A

Hemolysis

38
Q

What is a ‘true aneurysm’?

A

A full thickness dilation of a vessel

39
Q

What is a dissection?

A

A tear in the intima; the vessel is not necessarily dilated

40
Q

What is the most common vessel for aneurysms?

A

Aorta

41
Q

What is the main risk factor for aneurysm?

A

Atherosclerosis

42
Q

What is the main risk factor for dissection?

A

HTN

43
Q

What is a mycotic aneurysm?

A

Due to infection

44
Q

What happens at cellular level in an aneurysm?

A

The metalloproteinases in the matrix degrade it faster than it can be built and lead to weakness in the structure

45
Q

Syphilis can cause a…

A

Ascending aortic aneurysm

Block 3 (21 decks)

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