Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 3 > SFP: dyslipidemias > Flashcards

SFP: dyslipidemias Flashcards

1
Q

What is high cholesterol a major risk factor for?

A

Atherosclerotic and cardiovascular diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What events does high cholesterol increase the risk of?

A

MI, stroke, aortic aneurysm and dissection, PVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What molecule is unequivocally atherogenic?

A

LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cholesterol molecule is considered protective?

A

HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At what age do we typically start cholesterol screening?

A

40-75, unless there is a history or risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What condition is a one-way ticket for treatment of cholesterol?

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An LDL of over what value indicates treatment?

A

190

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the LDL range for considering treatment?

A

70-190

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What risk ratio indicates treatment options?

A

7.5-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is CAC scoring?

A

Looking for calcium in the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What age do we start screening for hyperlipoproteinemia in men? Women?

A

35 in men, 45 in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tests do we do for hyperlipoproteinemia?

A

Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can we calculate LDL?

A

LDL = total cholesterol – HDL – (triglycerides/5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a normal triglyceride: cholesterol ratio in VLDL?

A

5:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what instances can we not use the equation for LDL?

A

Super high triglycerides, presence of chylomicrons, or in people with familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is associated with causing premature atherosclerosis?

A

LDL (not just triglycerides alone)

17
Q

What are tendinous xanthomas?

A

Lipid deposits in soft tissue of Achilles tendons, elbows, or knees. This is due to increased LDL and often remain even with treatment.

18
Q

What are tuberous xanthomas?

A

Deposits often on knees and elbows that can mimic tumors and are due to increased LDL. They may regress with treatment.

19
Q

What are xanthelasmas?

A

Yellow plaques around the eyes that are associated with high cholesterol and LDL. This is very suggestive in younger patients.

20
Q

What are eruptive xanthomas?

A

Clusters of yellow-white papules or nodules that can be seen in those with elevated triglycerides, chylomicrons, or VLDL. Often seen in uncontrolled diabetes and responds to treatment.

21
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas that can be due to elevated triglycerides (chylomicrons or VLDL)

22
Q

What is lipemia retinalis?

A

Condition associated with elevated triglycerides (chylomicrons or VLDL) that causes a milky appearance of the vessels and visual acuity changes. This can return to normal with treatment. Most commonly familial.

23
Q

What is palmar xanthoma?

A

Yellow plaques on the palms that is associated with elevated triglycerides and cholesterol. Most commonly familial.

24
Q

What condition alters cholesterol but not triglycerides?

A

Hypothyroidism

25
Q

How does obesity impact lipids?

A

Increases triglycerides, FA synthesis, and VLDL. HDL decreases.

26
Q

How does diabetes type 1 impact lipids?

A

Doesn’t usually cause hyperlipidemia, but diabetic ketoacidosis can cause increased transport of FFA to liver which can increase triglycerides.

27
Q

How does diabetes type 2 impact lipids?

A

They’re dyslipidemic even under good glucose control; they have decreased LPL activity, increased release and synthesis of FFA, increased VLDL production, and decreased HDL.

28
Q

How is LDL impacted in diabetes type 2?

A

It is not increased.

29
Q

How does hypothyroidism impact lipids?

A

Increased LDL due to reduction in receptor function, increased IDL.

30
Q

How does nephrotic syndrome impact lipids?

A

Mixed hyperlipidemia that can present with high cholesterol or triglycerides due to hepatic production and decreased clearance of VLDL with increased LDL production.

31
Q

How does chronic renal failure impact lipids?

A

Mildly high triglycerides due to VLDL accumulation, followed by eventual impaired lipolysis and clearance of chylomicrons and VLDL. Prone to heart issues.

32
Q

How do renal transplants impact lipids?

A

Hyperlipidemia due to immunosuppressive drugs.

33
Q

How does hepatitis impact lipids?

A

Increased VLDL synthesis leads to hypertriglyceridemia.

34
Q

How does liver failure impact lipids?

A

Decreased lipoprotein synthesis leads to decreased cholesterol and triglycerides.

35
Q

How does cholestasis impact lipids?

A

Blocks excretion of cholesterol into bile, which increases LDL/HDL.

36
Q

How does alcohol impact lipids?

A

Variable; can increase triglyceride levels by stimulating hepatic secretion of VLDL and may inhibit oxidation of FFA, promoting triglyceride synthesis. Increases HDL.

37
Q

How does estrogen impact lipids?

A

Increases VLDL and HDL, and may increase plasma triglycerides; it is cardio protective.

38
Q

How does Cushing’s syndrome impact lipids?

A

Increased VLDL hypertriglyceridemia; might be mild LDL elevation.

Block 3 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions