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Block 3 > SFP: cardiomyopathy and carditis > Flashcards

SFP: cardiomyopathy and carditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic definition of cardiomyopathy?

A

Disease of the heart muscle

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2
Q

What is the most common cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

In terms of genetics, cardiomyopathies are normally ___ (inheritance pattern)?

A

Autosomal dominant

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4
Q

Most genes related to cardiomyopathies are associated with…?

A

Cytoskeletal proteins

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5
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

All 4 chambers are dilated, but not thickened. It results in impaired systolic function.

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6
Q

What are symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Dyspnea, edema, fatigue

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7
Q

What are microscopic features of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Nothing specific

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8
Q

What are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Idiopathic, alcohol, myocarditis, pregnancy, and obesity

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9
Q

What is the outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Heart failure/death or dysrhythmia

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10
Q

What are features used to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Decreased EF, EKG

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11
Q

What is the treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Transplant

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12
Q

What medication can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Doxorubicin

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13
Q

Which condition can be hard to distinguish from dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Congestive heart failure

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14
Q

Describe arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy.

A

Thinning, fatty replacement of the right ventricle.

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15
Q

What are clinical presentations of arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy?

A

Tachyarrhythmia, syncope, HF, sudden death

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16
Q

What filament is mutated in arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy?

A

Desmosomes

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17
Q

How can we diagnose arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy?

A

EKG, cardiac MRI, heart biopsy

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18
Q

Where is the best place to take a heart biopsy?

A

Interventricular septum

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19
Q

Describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

A

Most concerning when it is obstructive. The septum is thickened causing decreased compliance and impaired diastole.

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20
Q

What is a common presentation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Sudden death in young athletes during exercise

21
Q

What are some symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Dyspnea, chest pain, syncope

22
Q

What are microscopic findings of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Myocyte hypertrophy and disarray

23
Q

Which condition can be hard to distinguish from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

HTN

24
Q

What is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

25
Q

What is commonly mutated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Cardiac sarcomere (myosin heavy chain, myosin binding protein C, troponin T)

26
Q

A patient has a crescendo-decrescendo murmur that increases with Valsalva. What is the diagnosis?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

27
Q

What are the diagnostic tools for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

EKG and biopsy

28
Q

Why do Valsalva and standing make HOCM worse?

A

They force blood out of the heart, exacerbating the murmur.

29
Q

What are treatments for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Alcohol ablation and myomectomy

30
Q

Describe restrictive cardiomyopathy.

A

A stiff wall with normal thickness causes decreased compliance and filling.

31
Q

What are three processes that can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Infiltrative processes, storage diseases, or endomyocardial anchoring.

32
Q

Give examples of infiltrative processes that can lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy.

A

Radiation fibrosis, sarcoid, and amyloid.

33
Q

A patient has sarcoid with giant cells. What cardiomyopathy are they at risk for?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

34
Q

What are storage diseases that can lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Hemochromatosis

35
Q

What is Loeffler endomyocarditis?

A

A thickened endocardium with hypereosinophilia that causes restrictive cardiomyopathy.

36
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

Inflammation and necrosis of heart muscle.

37
Q

What are non-viral causes of myocarditis?

A

Hypersensitivity, autoimmune transplant.

38
Q

What are outcomes of myocarditis?

A

Spontaneously resolving, chronic disease, death.

39
Q

Chagas disease is associated with…

A

Myocarditis

40
Q

Toxoplasmosis is associated with…

A

Myocarditis

41
Q

Describe pericarditis.

A

Inflammation of the pericardium.

42
Q

What are common causes of pericarditis?

A

Post MI via necrosis or Dressler syndrome weeks later, uremia, autoimmune issues.

43
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pericarditis?

A

Friction rub

44
Q

A patient has hemorrhagic pericarditis. What does this indicate about the cause?

A

It is likely metastatic or autoimmune.

45
Q

Fibrous bands are seen in…

A

Pericarditis

46
Q

Pulsus paradoxus can be indicative of…

A

Cardiac tamponade

47
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

A

Systolic BP drop in greater than 10 mmHg on inspiration.

48
Q

What is seen with pericardial effusion?

A

Serous fluid with heart failure and low albumin.

Block 3 (52 decks)

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