Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 3 > MMT: lipid drugs > Flashcards

MMT: lipid drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the target LDL for someone with no risk factors?

A

Less than 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the target LDL for someone with multiple risk factors?

A

Below 55 is ideal, but up to 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary method of controlling lipid levels?

A

Making personalized lifestyle changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a main target for lipid lowering drugs? What is the rationale?

A

LDL receptor cycling; LDLR cycling removes LDL and targets it for endocytosis, so promoting this helps reduce lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the drug targetable lipoprotein mechanisms?

A
  1. Decreasing cholesterol synthesis
  2. Increase LDLR endocytosis
  3. Decrease cholesterol absorption
  4. Increase reverse cholesterol transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MOA of statins?

A

They inhibit HMG CoA reductase which inhibits cholesterol synthesis, upregulating LDLR and increasing clearance of LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the primary results of statin treatment?

A
  1. Lower LDL
  2. Lower triglycerides
  3. Increased HDL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Statins are prescribed largely in which 3 scenarios?

A
  1. Following MI
  2. Acute coronary syndrome
  3. Stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are statins metabolized?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Of the statins, which has the longest half life?

A

Atorvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are side effects of statins?

A

Hepatotoxicity, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, increasing blood glucose, cognitive impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is at risk for statin use?

A

Those with liver or kidney disease, alcoholics, those with hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are contraindications of statins?

A

Pregnant or nursing mothers and children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drug interactions with statins are present?

A

CYP3A4, inhibitors of p-glycoprotein, and fibrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can we minimize SE of statins?

A

Statin switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If statin switching isn’t working, what is another option?

A

A moderate-low intensity statin combined with other treatments

17
Q

What is ezetimibe?

A

A drug that inhibits ANPEP and NPC1 in the brush border of the intestine that changes the LDLR and blocks cholesterol absorption

18
Q

What is the preferred adjunct to statin for additional lipid lowering?

A

Ezetimibe

19
Q

What are bile acid binding resins?

A

They bind bile acids and wipe them out of the intestine. This results in cholesterol converting to bile acids.

20
Q

How do bile acid binding resins impact lipids?

A

Lower LDL by raising LDLR, raise TGs, raise HDL

21
Q

When are bile acid binding resins often used?

A

Children and pregnant women/women of reproductive ages

22
Q

What are the examples of bile acid sequestrants?

A

Colesevelam, cholestyramine

23
Q

What are contraindications of bile acid binding resins?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia, as the medication can raise TGs

24
Q

What are PCSK9 inhibitors?

A

They inhibit LDLR degradation, resulting in a large decrease in LDL

25
Q

What is bempedoic acid?

A

A lipid lowering drug that inhibits ATP citrate lyase, decreasing cholesterol synthesis and increasing LDLR

26
Q

How does bempedoic acid impact lipids?

A

Lowers LDL, does not change triglycerides, lowers HDL

27
Q

What are contraindications of bempedoic acid?

A

Pregnancy

28
Q

What are fibrates?

A

Drugs that lower TGs by stimulating peroxisome pathway as well as increase HDL and lower LDL

29
Q

What condition are fibrates first line for?

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

30
Q

What are SEs of fibrates?

A

GI issues, gallstones, rhabdomyolysis, myositis

31
Q

Why is fibrate not given with statins?

A

Increased risk for myopathy

32
Q

What is niacin/nicotinic acid?

A

Inhibits lipolysis to decrease TGs and LDL, and slightly increases HDL

33
Q

What results in a lowering of Lp(a)?

A

Nicotinic acid

34
Q

What is a major SE of niacin treatment?

A

Flushing

35
Q

What dietary supplement can be used as a lipid lowering agent? What is its impact?

A

Omega 3. Lowers TGs, raises HDL, raises LDL

36
Q

What are the guidelines for lipid lowering therapies?

A
  1. Establish LDL goal based on risk
  2. Determine need for lifestyle changes
  3. Determine level for drug consideration

Block 3 (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions