MMT: non-pharmacologic therapies for HF Flashcards
What are the surgical options for HF?
Open or closed heart surgeries
What is cardiopulmonary bypass?
A machine that takes over the job of heart and lungs so the heart can be emptied
What is catheterization?
A procedure performed by entering the heart via blood vessels, which allows us to avoid cracking the sternum and exposing the heart. Can use this to replace valves, close holes, and open holes
What are pacemakers?
Implanted devices that generate pulses of electricity to stimulate the heart
What can pacemakers treat?
Bradycardia, tachycardia, or dyssynchronous rhythm
Where are pacemaker leads usually placed?
In the right atrium close to the SA node and ventricular apex
What would a sharp spike before a wider QRS on EKG indicate?
The patient has a pacemaker
What factors can prevent a pacemaker from working?
Failure to capture, battery failure, lead dislodgement, exposure to magnetic fields, hypothyroidism
How is sinus node dysfunction paced?
Atrialy
How is AV node dysfunction paced?
It is sensed atrially but paced ventricularly
What can pacemakers help with in HF?
Synchronizing the ventricles
What is an ICD?
A small, implanted device that generates a pulse to shock someone out of vfib
What is ablation?
A procedure that removes a pathway creating abnormal rhythm
What arrhythmias can ablation be useful for?
Afib, accessory pathways, vtach
What are the methods of ablation?
Radiofrequency (more permanent) or cryoablation (less permanent). Both form non-conductive scar tissue in the area of interest.
What is ECMO?
A long-term cardiopulmonary bypass
What is VV support?
A form of ECMO that drains blood from systemic veins and returns it to the veins. It is often used in respiratory failure
What is VA support?
A form of ECMO where blood is drained from systemic veins and returned to arteries. This can be used in respiratory failure or cardiac failure
What is a major risk of ECMO?
Thrombosis and bleeding
What is a ventricular assist device?
A pump that assists in providing CO. it can be pulsatile or continuous.
What are the flow methods for continuous ventricular assist devices?
Axial or centrifugal
What is an orthotropic heart transplant?
Old heart is removed, and the new heart is placed in the same location
What is heterotopic heart transplant?
New heart placed next to the old heart and in series
What are some novel therapies?
Stem cell therapies and total artificial hearts
