SFP: cardiac tumors Flashcards
What is the most common type of heart tumor?
Metastatic! Those that start and stay in the heart are rare.
Which tumors tend to metastasize to the heart?
Lung, breast, melanoma, and leukemia/lymphoma.
What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults?
Cardiac myxoma.
Cardiac myxoma is a __ tumor.
Benign.
What are pathologies of cardiac myxoma?
Emboli and valve problems.
Which side of the heart do we usually see cardiac myxoma? Which chamber?
Left atria.
What is the most common primary heart tumor in children?
Rhabdomyoma.
Rhabdomyomas are __ tumors.
Benign.
What are issues commonly associated with rhabdomyoma?
Dysrhythmias or obstruction that can lead to death.
What conditions are often associated with tuberous sclerosis?
Intracranial hamartomas, facial angiofibroma, renal angiomyolipoma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, rhabdomyoma.
A tumor is described as having a spider-cell appearance. What is it?
Rhabdomyoma.
What is the main example of a malignant cardiac tumor?
Angiosarcoma.
What is an angiosarcoma?
A tumor originating in the vessels.
What are ectasias?
Dilated blood vessels.
What is spider telangiectasia?
Dilated blood vessels seen on the chest/upper body that can be associated with hyper estrogenic states (pregnancy and cirrhosis).
What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?
Causes ectasias of mucosal surfaces, which can cause significant bleeding upon rupture.
What is bacillary angiomatosis?
Infectious process caused by bartonella; it is opportunistic and associated with HIV/AIDs or immunocompromised patients. They are vascular growths.
What are hemangiomas?
Benign vascular tumors.
Distinguish between capillary and cavernous hemangiomas.
Cavernous are larger than capillary; both are benign.
__ hemangiomas occur in deeper structures, while ___ hemangiomas occur in more superficial structures.
Cavernous; capillary.
What is unique about capillary hemangiomas?
They resolve on their own.
Von Hippel Lindau is associated with…
Cavernous hemangiomas.
What are pyogenic granulomas?
Hemangiomas that occur after trauma.
What is granuloma gravidarum?
Hemangiomas occurring in pregnancy.
What is a glomus tumor? What is unique about them?
Benign tumor of smooth muscle cells around blood vessels. They’re painful!
Where do glomus tumors often occur?
Digits.
Kaposi sarcoma is associated with…
HHV8.
What are the 4 types of Kaposi sarcoma?
Classic, endemic African, transplant, and AIDS associated.
Describe classic Kaposi sarcoma.
Found mostly in older men and is seen as plaques or nodules on extremities. They typically remain localized.
Describe endemic African Kaposi sarcoma.
They are more aggressive and are more likely to involve lymph nodes.
Describe transplant Kaposi sarcoma.
Seen in those with T-cell immunosuppression and is often aggressive. In this case, we treat the immunosuppression instead of doing surgery.
Describe AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma.
Often aggressive/disseminated.
What is an angioma?
A malignant tumor of blood vessels.
What are risks for developing hepatic angiosarcoma?
Arsenic, thorotrast, polyvinyl chloride.
Long standing lymphedema is a risk for which tumor?
Angioma.
Radiation is a risk for which tumor?
Angiosarcoma.
