SFP: cardiac tumors

Question 1

What is the most common type of heart tumor?

Answer 1

Metastatic! Those that start and stay in the heart are rare.

Question 2

Which tumors tend to metastasize to the heart?

Answer 2

Lung, breast, melanoma, and leukemia/lymphoma.

Question 3

What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults?

Answer 3

Cardiac myxoma.

Question 4

Cardiac myxoma is a __ tumor.

Answer 4

Benign.

Question 5

What are pathologies of cardiac myxoma?

Answer 5

Emboli and valve problems.

Question 6

Which side of the heart do we usually see cardiac myxoma? Which chamber?

Answer 6

Left atria.

Question 7

What is the most common primary heart tumor in children?

Answer 7

Rhabdomyoma.

Question 8

Rhabdomyomas are __ tumors.

Answer 8

Benign.

Question 9

What are issues commonly associated with rhabdomyoma?

Answer 9

Dysrhythmias or obstruction that can lead to death.

Question 10

What conditions are often associated with tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 10

Intracranial hamartomas, facial angiofibroma, renal angiomyolipoma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, rhabdomyoma.

Question 11

A tumor is described as having a spider-cell appearance. What is it?

Answer 11

Rhabdomyoma.

Question 12

What is the main example of a malignant cardiac tumor?

Answer 12

Angiosarcoma.

Question 13

What is an angiosarcoma?

Answer 13

A tumor originating in the vessels.

Question 14

What are ectasias?

Answer 14

Dilated blood vessels.

Question 15

What is spider telangiectasia?

Answer 15

Dilated blood vessels seen on the chest/upper body that can be associated with hyper estrogenic states (pregnancy and cirrhosis).

Question 16

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?

Answer 16

Causes ectasias of mucosal surfaces, which can cause significant bleeding upon rupture.

Question 17

What is bacillary angiomatosis?

Answer 17

Infectious process caused by bartonella; it is opportunistic and associated with HIV/AIDs or immunocompromised patients. They are vascular growths.

Question 18

What are hemangiomas?

Answer 18

Benign vascular tumors.

Question 19

Distinguish between capillary and cavernous hemangiomas.

Answer 19

Cavernous are larger than capillary; both are benign.

Question 20

__ hemangiomas occur in deeper structures, while ___ hemangiomas occur in more superficial structures.

Answer 20

Cavernous; capillary.

Question 21

What is unique about capillary hemangiomas?

Answer 21

They resolve on their own.

Question 22

Von Hippel Lindau is associated with…

Answer 22

Cavernous hemangiomas.

Question 23

What are pyogenic granulomas?

Answer 23

Hemangiomas that occur after trauma.

Question 24

What is granuloma gravidarum?

Answer 24

Hemangiomas occurring in pregnancy.

Question 25

What is a glomus tumor? What is unique about them?

Answer 25

Benign tumor of smooth muscle cells around blood vessels. They’re painful!

Question 26

Where do glomus tumors often occur?

Answer 26

Digits.

Question 27

Kaposi sarcoma is associated with…

Answer 27

HHV8.

Question 28

What are the 4 types of Kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 28

Classic, endemic African, transplant, and AIDS associated.

Question 29

Describe classic Kaposi sarcoma.

Answer 29

Found mostly in older men and is seen as plaques or nodules on extremities. They typically remain localized.

Question 30

Describe endemic African Kaposi sarcoma.

Answer 30

They are more aggressive and are more likely to involve lymph nodes.

Question 31

Describe transplant Kaposi sarcoma.

Answer 31

Seen in those with T-cell immunosuppression and is often aggressive. In this case, we treat the immunosuppression instead of doing surgery.

Question 32

Describe AIDS associated Kaposi sarcoma.

Answer 32

Often aggressive/disseminated.

Question 33

What is an angioma?

Answer 33

A malignant tumor of blood vessels.

Question 34

What are risks for developing hepatic angiosarcoma?

Answer 34

Arsenic, thorotrast, polyvinyl chloride.

Question 35

Long standing lymphedema is a risk for which tumor?

Answer 35

Angioma.

Question 36

Radiation is a risk for which tumor?

Answer 36

Angiosarcoma.