SFP: congenital heart failure Flashcards
What is a left to right shunt?
Taking oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart and moving it to the right side.
What is the major issue with left to right shunts?
Increased volume and pressure in the right side of the heart leads to right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension.
What are some major examples of left to right shunts?
Atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus.
T or F: left to right shunts are strictly pathologic?
False! They can be therapeutic.
What is the most common congenital heart disease in adulthood?
ASD.
What causes ASD?
Incomplete fusion of the foramen ovale.
A defect in the ostium secundum indicates a…
ASD.
What condition can cause paradoxical emboli?
ASD.
What is the most common congenital disease at birth?
Ventricular septal defect.
Which tends to be more problematic: VSD or ASD?
VSD.
What is eisenmengers syndrome?
VSD with shunt reversal.
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
A shunt between the pulmonary artery and aorta stays open instead of closing after birth.
What kind of murmur is heart with patent ductus arteriosus?
Machine-like murmur.
What factors can cause patent ductus arteriosus?
Prematurity and congenital rubella.
T or F: patent ductus arteriosus can be therapeutic?
True!
Trisomy 21 increases risk for…
VSD, ASD, PDA, and endocardial cushion.
What is an endocardial cushion defect?
Essentially a combination of ASD and VSD. It can be seen often in those with downs syndrome.
Cyanosis is often seen in…
Right to left congenital heart defects.
T or F: right to left shunts are always pathologic?
True.
Describe tetralogy of fallot.
A right to left shunt issue involving 4 factors: 1. Pulmonic stenosis 2. Right ventricle hypertrophy 3. VSD 4. Overriding aorta.
Describe transposition of great arteries.
The aorta and pulmonary arteries are switched. Unoxygenated blood pumps through the aorta to the body, while oxygenated blood pumps through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
How can the body make transposition of great arteries survivable?
Patent ductus arteriosum or ASD.
Describe truncus arteriosus.
There is no separation between the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Describe tricuspid atresia.
The right atrium is shut off from the right ventricle.
What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?
Pulmonary veins empty into the vena cava instead of the left atrium.
What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
Left chambers are super tiny, making the right predominant.
What is the most common malformation seen alongside coarctation?
Bicuspid aortic valve.
What are clinical symptoms of coarctations?
Discrepant pulse pressure and cyanosis.
What is coarctation?
A form of obstruction caused by narrowing of a vessel.
Rib notching can be seen in ___?
Coarctation.
Coarctation is seen more often in __ (M vs F)?
Males.
What condition predisposes women to coarctation?
Turners’ syndrome.
Those with turner’s syndrome with coarctation are more prone to…
Aortic dissection, bicuspid aortic valve, and cystic medial degeneration.
What defect can cause claudication?
Coarctation.
