SFA MODULE 9 (ENDOCRINE)

Question 1

This vein is shared by the pancreas and liver.

Answer 1

PORTAL VEIN

Question 2

These are supply blood to the thyroid gland

Answer 2

External carotid and superior thyroid

Question 3

This structure is responsible for the following hormone: Thyroxine. Also, divided into left and right lobes by the isthmus.

Answer 3

Thyroid Gland

Question 4

Responsible for glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

This structure is response for the following hormones: Antiduretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), dopamine (DA). part of the brain which links the endocrine and nervous system, and controls the pituitary gland. Also, regulates body temperature.

Answer 5

Hypothalamus

Question 6

This endocrine organ regulates the circulating amounts of calcium (an increase) in the bloodstream

Answer 6

Parathyroid Gland

Question 7

This muscle may be retracted during a thyroidectomy.

Answer 7

sternocleidomastoid

Question 8

Mumps occur in this structure.

Answer 8

Parotid Gland

Question 9

Which of the following endocrine organs is responsible for uterine contraction, milk expulsion, and concentration of the urine?

Answer 9

Posterior Pituitary

Question 10

This structure is the master gland of the endocrine system

Answer 10

Pituitary Gland

Question 11

Assisting on a liver and pancreas procedure, you realize in order to preserve the hepatic artery this nerve needs to be identified and ligated.

Answer 11

Gastroduodenal Nerve

Question 12

This endocrine gland releases cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

Answer 12

adrenal

Question 13

Assisting on a thyroid case, you need to note that the laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to what artery?

Answer 13

inferior thyroid artery

Question 14

This artery supplies blood to the thyroid gland

Answer 14

External Carotid Artery

Question 15

Assisting on a thyroidectomy, with the aid of a Green loop retractor, you retract what muscle?

Answer 15

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 16

Klatskin Tumor

Answer 16

malignant tumor that involves the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts

Question 17

Which treatment is commonly indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 17

oral antidiabetic agent

Question 18

Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes:

Answer 18

Acromegaly

Question 19

Cushing’s syndrome may be caused by which of the following?

Answer 19

Glucocorticoid excess

Question 20

The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the:

Answer 20

Isthmus

Question 21

Nontoxic goiter is more common in:

Answer 21

Females

Question 22

Which of the following is the master gland of the endocrine system?

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

A patient with weight loss, GI disturbances, dehydration, fatigue, and craving for salty food might have which disorder?

Answer 23

Addisons Disease

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT exclusively an endocrine gland?

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Pineal gland

Pancreas

Answer 24

pancreas

Question 25

Name the hormone that stimulates the conversion from primordial to primary follicles and subsequent follicular development.

Answer 25

FSH (Follicular Stimulating Hormone)

Question 26

Which of the following glands in NOT endocrine? Adrenal glands Parathyroid glands Parotid glands Pineal glands

Answer 26

parotid gland

Question 27

The most common type of exocrine gland is this type: Apocrine Merocrine Endocrine Holocrine

Answer 27

Merocrine

Question 28

A chemical reaction that provides energy by the breakdown of food molecules is called

Question 29

Which of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland? Cranial Abdominal Pleural Thoracic

Answer 29

cranial

Question 30

What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders?

Answer 30

Benign tumor

Question 31

Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Answer 31

Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.

Question 32

Immediate treatment for insulin shock may include:

Answer 32

consumption of fruit juice or candy.

Question 33

How do many oral hypoglycemic drugs act?

Answer 33

To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin

Question 34

Blood glucose levels are increased by: 1. glucocorticoids. 2. glucagon. 3. epinephrine. 4. norepinephrine. 5. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 34

123

Question 35

Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1. It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2. It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3. It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4. It is released from the adenohypophysis.

Answer 35

1,2

Question 36

A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called

Answer 36

gestational diabetes

Question 37

Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the anti-inflammatory response?

Answer 37

cortisol

Question 38

What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 38

Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction

Question 39

Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means:

Answer 39

polyphagia

Question 40

Which signs are typical of Graves’ disease?

Answer 40

Exophthalmos and tachycardia

Question 41

Diabetic retinopathy results from

Answer 41

bstruction or rupture of retinal blood vessels.

Question 42

Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Answer 42

Onset often occurs during childhood.

Question 43

Which of the following is an effect of Addison’s disease?

Answer 43

poor stress response

Question 44

Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

Answer 44

It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH).

Question 45

A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

Answer 45

pheochromocytoma.

Question 46

Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

Answer 46

Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction

Question 47

Which of the following may cause goiter? 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Lack of iodine in the diet 4. Pheochromocytoma

Answer 47

1,2,3

Question 48

Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock? 1. If conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar. 2. If unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%). 3. Treat immediately with insulin. 4. Give large quantity of clear fluids for shock.

Answer 48

1,2

Question 49

What is caused by hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 49

Bone demineralization

Question 50

Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

Answer 50

cataracts