SFA MODULE 5 (RESPIRATORY) Flashcards
Which factors contribute to postoperative atelectasis? 1. Decreased secretions in the airways 2. Drug-related respiratory depression 3. Abdominal distention and pain 4. Excessive deep-breathing and coughing
drug-related respiratory depression & Abdominal distention and pain
what is laryngotracheobronchitis:
viral infection in child occurring at 3 months to 3 years
What does the term hemoptysis refer to?
Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:
defect of the exocrine glands.
Laryngotracheobronchitis is typically manifested by:
hoarse voice and barking cough.
Obstruction in the upper airway is usually indicated by:
stridor
The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:
maintain an open airway
Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?
Vomiting caused by drugs or anesthesia
Select the statement related to tuberculosis:
TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants
What is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease?
gram-negative bacterium
Which of the following causes bronchodilation?
Epinephrine
When does flail chest usually occur?
Several ribs are fractured at two sites
Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?
Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?
Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva
What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?
chronic cough
Which of the following is a significant early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in a smoker?
Hemoptysis and weight loss
Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?
Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample
Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?
Persons who experience acute asthma attacks
Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:
genetic factor
Which of the following is likely to cause pneumothorax or hemothorax in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?
The tumor causes inflammation and erosion of the pleural membranes
Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?
Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections.
Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?
Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray
What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?
Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing
What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?
Rapid loss of consciousness
Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:
autosomal recessive gene.
With a flail chest injury, events during inspiration include which of the following?
The mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
bacterial infection.
What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
Air is forced out of the lungs
Which of the following drugs is usually prescribed for prophylaxis in persons in close contact with a patient with active tuberculosis?
Isoniazid
How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis?
Air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction
What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?
Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways
What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?
Failure to excrete meconium
Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?
Residual lung volume increases
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:
coronavirus
Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by aspiration of:
liquids such as oils or milk
Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:
pulmonary edema
How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?
The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted
Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?
Thrombus forming in the femoral veins
With a tension pneumothorax, which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?
Continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung
Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:
interference with expansion of the lungs
Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?
Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood
Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?
Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise.
Which of the following is a manifestation of a simple closed pneumothorax?
Asymmetrical chest movements
What would hypercapnia cause?
Respiratory acidosis
Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:
emphysema.
How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?
Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion
What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?
Hypotension and right-sided heart failure
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
Influenza virus
What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?
Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls
The inner surface of the thoracic wall is covered by the __________, while the outer surfaces of the lungs are covered by the _________.
Serous pleura, mucous pleura
Parietal pleura, visceral pleura
Visceral pleura, mucous pleura
Thoracic pleura, lobar pleura
Parietal pleura, visceral pleura
refers to the ability to breathe comfortably only when an upright position?
orthopnea
The respiratory system cooperates with the circulatory system to:
Help control body fluid pH
Help regulate blood pressure
Facilitate oxygenation
All of the above
all of them
The serous membrane lining the surface of the lung is the:
visceral pleura
The vocal chords are attached to the:
Arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
membrane lining the surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing
epiglottis
structures are included in the lower respiratory system
Trachea, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli
The functional units of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs are the:
Alveoli
Exhaled air, when compared with inhaled air, contains more:
Carbon dioxide and less oxygen
Oxygen and less carbon monoxide
Nitrogen and less carbon dioxide
Oxygen and less nitrogen
Carbon dioxide and less oxygen
Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which inspired air flows?
Nasal fossae, choanae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Nasal fossae, pharynx, larynx, choanae, trachea, bronchi
Choanae, pharynx, nasal fossae, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Choanae, nasal fossae, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, lungs
Nasal fossae, choanae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
In which selection are the pharyngeal region and its lining correctly paired?
Nasopharynx, pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Oropharynx, stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx, stratified squamous epithelium
All of the above
all of the above
The region where a bronchus and pulmonary vessel enter and exit the lungs is called:
The hilum
