SFA MODULE 5 (RESPIRATORY) Flashcards by Laura Cybulski

Which factors contribute to postoperative atelectasis? 1. Decreased secretions in the airways 2. Drug-related respiratory depression 3. Abdominal distention and pain 4. Excessive deep-breathing and coughing

drug-related respiratory depression & Abdominal distention and pain

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what is laryngotracheobronchitis:

viral infection in child occurring at 3 months to 3 years

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What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum

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The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

defect of the exocrine glands.

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Laryngotracheobronchitis is typically manifested by:

hoarse voice and barking cough.

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Obstruction in the upper airway is usually indicated by:

stridor

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The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:

maintain an open airway

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Which of the following predisposes to postoperative aspiration?

Vomiting caused by drugs or anesthesia

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Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants

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What is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease?

gram-negative bacterium

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Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Epinephrine

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When does flail chest usually occur?

Several ribs are fractured at two sites

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Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?

Decreased breath sounds on the affected side

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What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva

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What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

chronic cough

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Which of the following is a significant early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma in a smoker?

Hemoptysis and weight loss

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Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?

Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample

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Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?

Persons who experience acute asthma attacks

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Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:

genetic factor

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Which of the following is likely to cause pneumothorax or hemothorax in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?

The tumor causes inflammation and erosion of the pleural membranes

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Why does the influenza virus cause recurrent infection in individuals?

Viral mutation reduces immunity from prior infections.

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Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray

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What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing

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What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

Rapid loss of consciousness

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Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:

autosomal recessive gene.

With a flail chest injury, events during inspiration include which of the following?

The mediastinum shifts toward the unaffected side

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

bacterial infection.

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Air is forced out of the lungs

Which of the following drugs is usually prescribed for prophylaxis in persons in close contact with a patient with active tuberculosis?

Isoniazid

How does total obstruction of the airway lead to atelectasis?

Air is absorbed from the alveoli distal to the obstruction

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

Failure to excrete meconium

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

Residual lung volume increases

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:

coronavirus

Aspiration pneumonia is usually caused by aspiration of:

liquids such as oils or milk

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:

pulmonary edema

How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?

The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

Thrombus forming in the femoral veins

With a tension pneumothorax, which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?

Continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

interference with expansion of the lungs

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?

Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood

Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?

Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise.

Which of the following is a manifestation of a simple closed pneumothorax?

Asymmetrical chest movements

What would hypercapnia cause?

Respiratory acidosis

Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:

emphysema.

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

Hypotension and right-sided heart failure

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Influenza virus

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls

The inner surface of the thoracic wall is covered by the __________, while the outer surfaces of the lungs are covered by the _________. Serous pleura, mucous pleura Parietal pleura, visceral pleura Visceral pleura, mucous pleura Thoracic pleura, lobar pleura

Parietal pleura, visceral pleura

refers to the ability to breathe comfortably only when an upright position?

orthopnea

The respiratory system cooperates with the circulatory system to: Help control body fluid pH Help regulate blood pressure Facilitate oxygenation All of the above

all of them

The serous membrane lining the surface of the lung is the:

visceral pleura

The vocal chords are attached to the:

Arytenoid and thyroid cartilages

membrane lining the surface of the lungs

visceral pleura

closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing

epiglottis

structures are included in the lower respiratory system

Trachea, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli

The functional units of the respiratory system where gas exchange occurs are the:

Alveoli

Exhaled air, when compared with inhaled air, contains more: Carbon dioxide and less oxygen Oxygen and less carbon monoxide Nitrogen and less carbon dioxide Oxygen and less nitrogen

Carbon dioxide and less oxygen

Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which inspired air flows? Nasal fossae, choanae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi Nasal fossae, pharynx, larynx, choanae, trachea, bronchi Choanae, pharynx, nasal fossae, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs Choanae, nasal fossae, trachea, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, lungs

Nasal fossae, choanae, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

In which selection are the pharyngeal region and its lining correctly paired? Nasopharynx, pseudostratified columnar epithelium Oropharynx, stratified squamous epithelium Laryngopharynx, stratified squamous epithelium All of the above

all of the above

The region where a bronchus and pulmonary vessel enter and exit the lungs is called:

The hilum