SFA MODULE 3 (URINARY SYSTEM)

Question 1

primary tumor arising from the tubule epithelium, more often in the cortex

Answer 1

Renal Cell Carinoma

Question 2

involves vascular changes similar to those of arteriosclerosis in the kidney. Hypertension, DM. Unchecked can lead to renal failure or congestive heart failure.

Answer 2

Nephosclerosis

Question 3

Nephrosclerosis Treatments Include:

Answer 3

antihypertensives
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
beta blockers (blocking renin release)
Reduction of sodium intake

Question 4

Caused by a defective valve in the the bladder in infants

Answer 4

Vesicoureteral reflux

Question 5

developmental failure of one kidney to develop

Answer 5

Agenesis

Question 6

failure to develop to a normal size kidney, unilateral defect and sometimes is a result from fibrosis in the kidney rather than being a developmental flaw

Answer 6

Hypoplasia

Question 7

a kidney and its ureter our of normal position such as lower in the abdominal or pelvic cavity.

Answer 7

Ectopic Kidney

Question 8

Formation of single horseshoe kidney that occurs during its developmental stages

Answer 8

Fusion

Question 9

A genetic kidney disease that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 16.

Answer 9

Adult Polycystic Kidney

Question 10

A rare kidney tumor occurring in children associated with defects in the tumor-supressor genes on chromosome11. Usually unilateral and occurs in children.

Answer 10

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

Question 11

bilateral kidney failure that can be treated if the primary reason is treated successfully.

Answer 11

acute renal failure

Question 12

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine

Answer 12

oliguria

Question 13

The glomerulus gets blood supply from an _____________. Blood leaves the glomerulus through its ____________

Answer 13

(Renal artery -> interlobular artery -> arcuate artery->interlobular artery -> afferent arteriole)

(efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> interlobular vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein -> renal vein)

Question 14

This structure is formed by the two urethra openings superiorly and the single urethral opening at the base of the bladder.

Answer 14

trigone

Question 15

A 66-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis suffers from neurologic urinary incontinence. Involvement of which nerve causes dysfunction of her external urethral sphincter, leading to this incontinence?

Answer 15

pedundal

Question 16

The fascia surrounding the kidney is called

Answer 16

gerota’s

Question 17

This structure is critical for maintaining the voluntary urethral sphincter (external sphincter) in males and must be spared, if possible, during pelvic or perineal surgery? (Reference Netter’s Plate 413)

Answer 17

pudendal nerve

Question 18

This structure drains the kidney. Also, connects the kidney to the inferior vena cava. (Reference Netter’s Plate 336)

Answer 18

renal vein

Question 19

this structure supports the bladder. Located between the rectum and vagina (females) or prostate (male). Maybe referred to as rectroprostatic fascia in males

Answer 19

denonvillier’s fascia

Question 20

This structure conveys urine to the urinary bladder

Answer 20

ureter

Question 21

This structure receives blood from the abdominal aorta

Answer 21

renal arteries

Question 22

Most of the renal tubules and the vasa recta are found in this area.

Answer 22

medulla

Question 23

A 4-month-old boy needs a surgical procedure to repair his opening. Urine is leaking through the opening on the dorsal surface of the penis. What is the name of this condition?

Answer 23

epispadias

Question 24

You’re scrubbed on a left kidney procurement. This vein, alone with the gonadal and lumbar, should be clamped and ligated. (Reference Netter’s Plate 285)

Answer 24

adrenal vein

Question 25

Upon radiographic examination the scrotum resembles a "bag of worms." Which of the following conditions will be most likely associated with this radiographic picture?

Answer 25

variocele

Question 26

Which portion of the nephron is critical for monitoring the osmolarity of the tubular fluid?

Answer 26

distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

This region of the kidney contains the most nephrons and their glomeruli. Also, within this structure is where a staghorn stone may become lodged and continue to grow.

Answer 27

cortex

Question 28

Descriptively, the kidneys do not reside within the abdominal perironeal cavity nor are they suspended in a mesentery. What terminology, would the SFA use to describe the location of the kidneys?

Answer 28

retroperitoneally

Question 29

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)?

Answer 29

nephrolithiasis

Question 30

Which of the following structures of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces?

Answer 30

renal pelvis

Question 31

Urine flows through the urinary system in which order Bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra, urethral meatus Bladder, urethra, kidney, urethral meatus, ureter Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral meatus Kidney, urethra, urethral meatus, bladder, ureter

Answer 31

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral meatus

Question 32

Male hormones are produced by which of the following?

Answer 32

testes

Question 33

Which organ is completely retroperitoneal?

Answer 33

kidney

Question 34

The funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter is the _________; the lower end of the ureter penetrates the posterior wall of the __________.

Answer 34

renal pelvis, urinary bladder

Question 35

The hollow, muscular organ that temporarily stores urine is the:

Answer 35

urinary bladder

Question 36

Each kidney has its superior surface capped by

Answer 36

adrenal gland

Question 37

The hilum of the right kidney contains the following important structures

Answer 37

blood vessels, nerves and ureters

Question 38

In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?

Answer 38

prostate

Question 39

A cystoscope is an instrument used most commonly by a specialist in:

Answer 39

urology

Question 40

Which structure penetrates the prostate gland to empty into the urethra

Answer 40

ejaculatory duct

Question 41

With a Radical retropubic prostatectomy, an incision is made in the lower abdomen and the prostate is removed, by going behind the:

Answer 41

pubic bone

Question 42

Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine through the collecting system of the kidney? Papillary ducts, collecting tubules, collecting ducts Collecting tubules, collecting ducts, papillary ducts Collecting ducts, collecting tubules, papillary ducts Collecting tubules, papillary ducts, collecting ducts

Answer 42

collecting ducts, collecting tubules, papillary ducts

Question 43

The blockage in a glomerulus would directly obstruct blood flow into which vessel?

Answer 43

efferent arteriole

Question 44

The functional unit of the urinary system is the:

Answer 44

nephron

Question 45

The condition of the bladder protruding into the vagina is known as:

Answer 45

cystocele

Question 46

Which of the following is an incision made to enlarge the opening of the external urethra?

Answer 46

meatotomy

Question 47

what is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

Answer 47

decreased reabsorption of sodium and water

Question 48

which of the following causes acute renal failure polycystic kidney disease pyelonephritis in the right kidney nephrosclerosis bilateral acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 48

bilateral acute Glomerulonephritis

Question 49

Wilms' tumor is ?

Answer 49

an encapsulated mass in one kidney, found in children