SFA MODULE 3 (URINARY SYSTEM) Flashcards
primary tumor arising from the tubule epithelium, more often in the cortex
Renal Cell Carinoma
involves vascular changes similar to those of arteriosclerosis in the kidney. Hypertension, DM. Unchecked can lead to renal failure or congestive heart failure.
Nephosclerosis
Nephrosclerosis Treatments Include:
antihypertensives
diuretics
ACE inhibitors
beta blockers (blocking renin release)
Reduction of sodium intake
Caused by a defective valve in the the bladder in infants
Vesicoureteral reflux
developmental failure of one kidney to develop
Agenesis
failure to develop to a normal size kidney, unilateral defect and sometimes is a result from fibrosis in the kidney rather than being a developmental flaw
Hypoplasia
a kidney and its ureter our of normal position such as lower in the abdominal or pelvic cavity.
Ectopic Kidney
Formation of single horseshoe kidney that occurs during its developmental stages
Fusion
A genetic kidney disease that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 16.
Adult Polycystic Kidney
A rare kidney tumor occurring in children associated with defects in the tumor-supressor genes on chromosome11. Usually unilateral and occurs in children.
Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
bilateral kidney failure that can be treated if the primary reason is treated successfully.
acute renal failure
the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
oliguria
The glomerulus gets blood supply from an _____________. Blood leaves the glomerulus through its ____________
(Renal artery -> interlobular artery -> arcuate artery->interlobular artery -> afferent arteriole)
(efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> interlobular vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein -> renal vein)
This structure is formed by the two urethra openings superiorly and the single urethral opening at the base of the bladder.
trigone
A 66-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis suffers from neurologic urinary incontinence. Involvement of which nerve causes dysfunction of her external urethral sphincter, leading to this incontinence?
pedundal
The fascia surrounding the kidney is called
gerota’s
This structure is critical for maintaining the voluntary urethral sphincter (external sphincter) in males and must be spared, if possible, during pelvic or perineal surgery? (Reference Netter’s Plate 413)
pudendal nerve
This structure drains the kidney. Also, connects the kidney to the inferior vena cava. (Reference Netter’s Plate 336)
renal vein
this structure supports the bladder. Located between the rectum and vagina (females) or prostate (male). Maybe referred to as rectroprostatic fascia in males
denonvillier’s fascia
This structure conveys urine to the urinary bladder
ureter
This structure receives blood from the abdominal aorta
renal arteries
Most of the renal tubules and the vasa recta are found in this area.
medulla
A 4-month-old boy needs a surgical procedure to repair his opening. Urine is leaking through the opening on the dorsal surface of the penis. What is the name of this condition?
epispadias
You’re scrubbed on a left kidney procurement. This vein, alone with the gonadal and lumbar, should be clamped and ligated. (Reference Netter’s Plate 285)
adrenal vein
Upon radiographic examination the scrotum resembles a “bag of worms.” Which of the following conditions will be most likely associated with this radiographic picture?
variocele
Which portion of the nephron is critical for monitoring the osmolarity of the tubular fluid?
distal convoluted tubule
This region of the kidney contains the most nephrons and their glomeruli. Also, within this structure is where a staghorn stone may become lodged and continue to grow.
cortex
Descriptively, the kidneys do not reside within the abdominal perironeal cavity nor are they suspended in a mesentery. What terminology, would the SFA use to describe the location of the kidneys?
retroperitoneally
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of kidney stones (renal calculi)?
nephrolithiasis
Which of the following structures of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces?
renal pelvis
Urine flows through the urinary system in which order
Bladder, kidney, ureter, urethra, urethral meatus
Bladder, urethra, kidney, urethral meatus, ureter
Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral meatus
Kidney, urethra, urethral meatus, bladder, ureter
kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, urethral meatus
Male hormones are produced by which of the following?
testes
Which organ is completely retroperitoneal?
kidney
The funnel-shaped upper end of the ureter is the _________; the lower end of the ureter penetrates the posterior wall of the __________.
renal pelvis, urinary bladder
The hollow, muscular organ that temporarily stores urine is the:
urinary bladder
Each kidney has its superior surface capped by
adrenal gland
The hilum of the right kidney contains the following important structures
blood vessels, nerves and ureters
In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?
prostate
A cystoscope is an instrument used most commonly by a specialist in:
urology
Which structure penetrates the prostate gland to empty into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
With a Radical retropubic prostatectomy, an incision is made in the lower abdomen and the prostate is removed, by going behind the:
pubic bone
Which sequence correctly traces the flow of urine through the collecting system of the kidney?
Papillary ducts, collecting tubules, collecting ducts
Collecting tubules, collecting ducts, papillary ducts
Collecting ducts, collecting tubules, papillary ducts
Collecting tubules, papillary ducts, collecting ducts
collecting ducts, collecting tubules, papillary ducts
The blockage in a glomerulus would directly obstruct blood flow into which vessel?
efferent arteriole
The functional unit of the urinary system is the:
nephron
The condition of the bladder protruding into the vagina is known as:
cystocele
Which of the following is an incision made to enlarge the opening of the external urethra?
meatotomy
what is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?
decreased reabsorption of sodium and water
which of the following causes acute renal failure
polycystic kidney disease
pyelonephritis in the right kidney
nephrosclerosis
bilateral acute glomerulonephritis
bilateral acute Glomerulonephritis
Wilms’ tumor is ?
an encapsulated mass in one kidney, found in children
