SFA MODULE 13 (SKIN)

Question 1

How can pediculosis be diagnosed?

Pruritus in hairy areas of the body

Loss of blood due to lice bites

Finding lice in clothing

The presence of nits at the base of hair shafts

Answer 1

The presence of nits at the base of hair shafts

Question 2

Which of the following factors has contributed to the increased incidence of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

Excessive sun exposure

Increased number of nevi

Increase in immunosuppressed individuals

Presence of more seborrheic keratosis

Answer 2

Increase in immunosuppressed individuals

Question 3

One factor that is responsible for increasing the mortality rate among patients suffering with necrotizing fasciitis is:

a delay in initial diagnosis.

lack of proper antibiotics.

the appearance of additional opportunistic infections.

secondary fungal infections.

Answer 3

a delay in initial diagnosis.

Question 4

Which of the following is a common effect of a type I hypersensitivity response to ingested substances?

Contact dermatitis

Urticaria

Discoid lupus erythematosus

Psoriasis

Answer 4

URTICARIA

Question 5

Tinea capitis is an infection involving the:

trunk.

feet.

scalp.

nails.

Answer 5

SCALP

Question 6

Which of the following skin lesions are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Furuncles

Verrucae

Scabies

Tinea

Answer 6

FURUNCLES

Question 7

What is the common signal that a recurrence of herpes simplex infection is developing?

Severe pain around the mouth

Malaise and fatigue

Fever and severe headaches

Mild tingling along the nerve or on the lips

Answer 7

Mild tingling along the nerve or on the lips

Question 8

The pathological change associated with scleroderma is:

abnormal activation of T lymphocytes and an increase of cytokines.

an autoimmune reaction damaging the epidermis.

collagen deposits in the small blood vessels of the skin and sometimes the viscera.

Type I hypersensitivity and increased serum IgE levels.

Answer 8

collagen deposits in the small blood vessels of the skin and sometimes the viscera.

Question 9

What is a raised, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid called?

Papule

Pustule

Vesicle

Macule

Answer 9

VESICLE

Question 10

Why do secondary infections frequently develop in pruritic lesions?

Loss of protective sebum

Entry of resident flora while scratching the lesion

Blockage of sebaceous glands

Increased sweat production

Answer 10

Entry of resident flora while scratching the lesion

Question 11

Which type of microbe causes Tinea infections?

Fungus

Virus

Gram-negative bacterium

Mite

Answer 11

FUNGUS

Question 12

Which lesion distinguishes Tinea corporis?

Small, brown pruritic lines

Painful and pruritic fissures

Erythematous ring of vesicles with a clear center

Firm, red, painful nodule or pustule

Answer 12

Erythematous ring of vesicles with a clear center

Question 13

Which of the following areas lacks blood vessels and nerves?

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous tissue

Fatty tissue

Answer 13

Epidermis

Question 14

Systemic effects of acute necrotizing fasciitis include:

low-grade fever and malaise.

toxic shock and disorientation.

mild nausea and vomiting.

headache and difficulty breathing.

Answer 14

toxic shock and disorientation.

Question 15

All of the following statements apply to malignant melanoma EXCEPT:

The malignant cell is a melanocyte.

They present as non-pruritic purplish macules.

The neoplasm grows rapidly and metastasizes early.

The lesion is usually dark or multicolored with an irregular border.

Answer 15

They present as non-pruritic purplish macules.

Question 16

Herpes virus is usually spread by all of the following EXCEPT:

saliva during an exacerbation and for a short time thereafter.

contact with the fluid in the lesion.

contaminated blood.

autoinoculation by fingers.

Answer 16

contaminated blood.

Question 17

Choose the best description of the typical lesion of impetigo.

Large, red, painful nodule filled with purulent exudates

Small vesicles that rupture to produce a crusty brown pruritic mass

Red, swollen, painful areas often with projecting red streaks

Firm, raised papules that may have a rough surface and may be painful

Answer 17

Small vesicles that rupture to produce a crusty brown pruritic mass

Question 18

What causes the pruritus associated with scabies?

An allergic reaction to the causative microbe due to endotoxins

Mites burrowing into the epidermis and reaction to their feces

Bleeding and injected toxin from bites of the larvae

Neurotoxins secreted by mites on the skin surface

Answer 18

Mites burrowing into the epidermis and reaction to their feces

Question 19

What change occurs in the skin with psoriasis?

Recurrent hypersensitivity reactions

Autoimmune response

Increased mitosis and shedding of epithelium

Basal cell degeneration

Answer 19

Increased mitosis and shedding of epithelium

Question 20

How are antiviral drugs effective in treating a viral infection?

They destroy the virus if administered for at least 2 weeks.

They limit the acute stage and viral shedding.

They prevent any systemic effects of viruses.

They prevent any secondary bacterial infection.

Answer 20

They limit the acute stage and viral shedding.

Question 21

Choose the correct match of the skin condition and its usual location.

Scabies—fingers, wrists, waist

Impetigo—legs, feet

Pediculosis humanus corporis—scalp

Seborrheic keratosis—feet, hands

Answer 21

Scabies—fingers, wrists, waist

Question 22

Which of the following applies to actinic keratoses?

They predispose to malignant melanoma.

They arise on skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

They occur primarily on dark-skinned persons.

They are malignant and invasive.

Answer 22

They arise on skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Question 23

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is caused by:

a fungus.

a bacterium.

a virus.

a helminth.

Answer 23

a bacterium.

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the typical lesion of psoriasis?

Purplish papules that can erode and become open ulcers

Firm, raised pruritic nodules that can become cancerous

Moist, red vesicles, which develop into bleeding ulcers

Begins as a red papule and develops into silvery plaques

Answer 24

Begins as a red papule and develops into silvery plaques

Question 25

Plantar warts are caused by:

the fungus aspergillus.

a parasitic arthropod.

human papillomavirus.

the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.

Answer 25

human papillomavirus

Question 26

What is the major predisposing factor to squamous cell carcinoma?

Viral infection

Presence of nevi (moles) on the skin

Exposure to ultraviolet light

Frequent hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 26

Exposure to ultraviolet light

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding acute necrotizing fasciitis is TRUE?

Infection is localized in a small area of the epidermis.

It is usually caused by S. aureus.

Spontaneous recovery usually occurs in 48 hours.

Infection rapidly causes extensive tissue necrosis and toxic shock.

Answer 27

Infection rapidly causes extensive tissue necrosis and toxic shock.

Question 28

Which disease is considered an autoimmune disorder?

Pemphigus

Erysipelas

Contact dermatitis

Scleroderma

Answer 28

Pemphigus

Question 29

Which of the following statements applies to impetigo?

Lesions usually appear on the hands and arms.

The cause is usually a virus.

The infection is highly contagious.

Scar tissue is common following infection.

Answer 29

The infection is highly contagious.

Question 30

The cause of contact dermatitis can often be identified by:

using a culture and sensitivity test on the exudate.

checking the frequency of the exacerbations.

noting the location and size of the lesion.

the type of pain associated with the lesion.

Answer 30

noting the location and size of the lesion.