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SFA Questions > SFA MODULE 6 (DIGESTIVE) > Flashcards

SFA MODULE 6 (DIGESTIVE) Flashcards

1
Q

What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?

A

No fluid or food entering the stomach

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2
Q

The early stage of vomiting causes:

A

metabolic alkalosis.

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3
Q

Which of the following is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

A

ileum

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4
Q

Which of the following is/are related to post-hepatic jaundice?

A

Pruritic skin and light-colored stools

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5
Q

What is the definition of dysphagia?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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6
Q

Which of the following applies to cleft palate?

A

The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy.

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7
Q

Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are:

A

gallstones and alcohol abuse

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8
Q

What is the most common type of hepatitis transmitted by blood transfusion?

A

HCV

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9
Q

Small, hidden amounts of blood in stool are referred to as:

A

occult blood

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10
Q

Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:

A

alcoholic cirrhosis

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11
Q

Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract?

A

Vagus nerve

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12
Q

Which of the following is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers?

A

Proximal duodenum

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13
Q

The telescoping of one section of bowel inside another section is called:

A

intussusceptions

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14
Q

Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:

A

bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile

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15
Q

When a portion of the proximal stomach and the paraesophageal junction move above the diaphragm, this is called a:

A

sliding hernia

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16
Q

Identify a major reason making it difficult to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

A

Infection is often asymptomatic.

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17
Q

What is frequently the first manifestation of stress ulcers?

A

Hematemesis

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18
Q

Which of the following applies to hepatitis A infection?

A

It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route

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19
Q

What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?

A

Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant

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20
Q

Which type(s) of hepatitis increase(s) the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV and HCV

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21
Q

Bilirubin is a product of:

A

hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin.

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22
Q

What pain is typical of diverticulitis?

A

Lower left quadrant

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23
Q

A viral infection of the parotid gland is commonly known as:

A

mumps.

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24
Q

What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?

A

Occult blood in the stool

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25
Q

Which of the following occurs with hepatitis B?

A

The liver is inflamed and enlarged

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26
Q

Which of the following is a typical indicator of an intestinal obstruction caused by paralytic ileus?

A

Severe steady abdominal pain

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27
Q

What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?

A

Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin

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28
Q

What is a common sign of acute gastritis?

A

Vomiting and anorexia

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29
Q

What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn’s disease?

A

Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas

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30
Q

Which term refers to an inflammation usually related to infection of the bile ducts?

A

Cholangitis

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31
Q

What is the initial pathological change in alcoholic liver disease?

A

Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes with hepatomegaly

32
Q

Pancreatic cancer may be diagnosed early if obstruction of bile or pancreatic secretions develops when the tumor is located:

A

at the head of the pancreas.

33
Q

What is/are common location(s) for oral cancer?

A

Floor of the mouth or tongue borders

34
Q

To which site does colon cancer usually first metastasize?

A

liver

35
Q

A patient with acquired pyloric stenosis would likely:

A

vomit undigested food from previous meals

36
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease involves:

A

periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus

37
Q

The visceral peritoneum:

A

forms the outer covering of the stomach.

38
Q

Which of the following would a perforated gastric ulcer likely cause?

A

Chemical peritonitis

39
Q

How does a volvulus cause localized gangrene in the intestine?

A

The mesenteric arteries are compressed in the twisted section of intestine

40
Q

At what stage of alcoholic liver disease can the damage be reversed?

A

initial stage

41
Q

How does pelvic inflammatory disease frequently lead to bacterial peritonitis?

A

Infection spreads through the fallopian tubes directly into the peritoneal cavity.

42
Q

Which of the following is a major cause of primary hepatocellular cancer?

A

Long-term exposure to certain chemicals

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT usually present during the icteric stage of viral hepatitis?

A

esophageal varices

44
Q

Which type of hepatitis virus requires the presence of hepatitis B virus so as to replicate?

A

HDV

45
Q

Which of the following applies to the act of swallowing?

A

It requires coordination of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII.

46
Q

Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:

A

choledocholithiasis.

47
Q

What is the cause of inflammatory bowel disease?

A

Idiopathic

48
Q

What usually initiates acute appendicitis?

A

Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix

49
Q

Why does herpes simplex infection tend to recur?

A

The virus persists in latent form in sensory nerve ganglia

50
Q

A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

51
Q

The three pairs of salivary glands that secrete into the oral cavity are:

Alpha, beta, gamma

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

Gastric, tonsils, palatine

Gastric, parietal, chief

A

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

52
Q

The three phases of the swallowing process are:

Mastication, eruption, dentition

Cardiac, gastric, pyloric

Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

Mastication, dontination, buccal

A

Buccal, pharyngeal, esophageal

53
Q

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the GI system that is responsible for secreting insulin?

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Liver

Stomach

A

pancreas

54
Q

The component of the digestive tract whose function is to break down materials chemically through acid and enzymatic attack is the:

Small intestine

Large intestine

Stomach

Liver

A

stomach

55
Q

From superior end downward, the three parts of the small intestine are:

Ileum, duodenum, jejunum

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Jejunum, ileum, duodenum

Duodenum, ileum, jejunum

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

56
Q

When doing a laparoscopy, this instrument would be best suited to grasp a loop of bowel.

Tenaculum

Aggressive tip

Debakey tip

Dolphin tip dissector

A

Debakey tip

57
Q

muscle that elevates the palate during swallowing?

A

Levator veli palatini

58
Q

Which of the following are functions of the digestive system?

Ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion

Secretion, absorption, compaction

Excretion

All of the above

A

all of them

59
Q

The function of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine is to:

Decrease the amount of exposed surface

Increase the total area of enzyme retention

Increase the total area for absorption

All of the above

A

increase the total area for absorption

60
Q

problem caused by excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen.

A

gastritis

61
Q

The process whereby the stomach muscles contract to propel food through the digestive tract is called:

A

peristalsis

62
Q

Histologically, the stomach lining comprises:

An inner cellular layer of simple columnar epithelium

Cells within the epithelium that secrete mucous

Shallow gastric pits that contain rapidly dividing mucous cells

All of the above

A

all of the above

63
Q

Symptoms may include: abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, bloody diarrhea, mucus in the stool, cramping, urgency and bloating.

A

colitis

64
Q

Synthesis and secretion of bile is a major digestive function of the:

A

liver

65
Q

segments of the large intestine EXCEPT the:

A

Ascending colon

Cecum

Sigmoid colon

66
Q

The hepatic flexure of the large intestine occurs between the:

A

Ascending colon and transverse colon

67
Q

Which of the following lists the layers of the digestive tract in the correct order, from the interior outward?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

68
Q

Usually presents as a pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastric region. It may also correlate with eating greasy, fatty, or fried foods. Diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea are common.

A

Cholecystitis

69
Q

Resection of the descending colon would be considered a

A

left hemi-colectomy

70
Q

Which of the following structures could not be seen when looking directly into the oral cavity?
Lingual frenulum

Uvula

Palatine tonsil

Larynx

A

larynx

71
Q

Bile enters the gastrointestinal tract at the:

A

duodenum

72
Q

Resection of the cecum would be considered a:

A

right hemi colectomy

73
Q

The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:

A

cecum

74
Q

Pain first, vomiting next and fever last has been described as the classic presentation of this condition.

A

appendicitis

75
Q

lists the four regions of the stomach in the correct order, from superior to inferior end?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

76
Q

Resection of the sigmoid colon and rectum would be considered a:

A

proctocolectomy

77
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by incompetence of the esophageal sphincter?

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

SFA Questions (14 decks)

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