Sex Hormones (Exam #3) Flashcards
GnRH Drugs suppress what?
Suppress FSH and LH release
GnRH Drugs: Long-Acting Agonist vs. Antagonist drug?
- Long-Acting Agonists: Leuprolide
- Antagonist: Cetrorelix
With a Long-Acting Agonist (GnRH Drug), an antiandrogen must be added at start of tx if in conjunction with what condition?
Metastatic prostate CA
FSH and LH treatment for males? For females?
- Males = hCG (LH) then hMG (FSH)
- Females = hMG (FSH) then hCG (LH)
Use of hCG (LH) in males? In females?
- Males = induce spermatogenesis
- Females = IVF/ART
What medication involves enterohepatic circulation → can be made available again in intestines? What two drugs can inhibit this re-availability?
Estrogen
- Inhibited by abx and Rifampin
What are the four primary uses of Estrogen?
- Oral contraception
- HRT
- Stimulate puberty
- Male to female transition
How does Long-Acting Agonist Tamoxifen use differ from Antagonist Tamoxifen use?
- Long-Acting: bone and uterus
- Antagonist: breast CA
What is the “breast CA” drug and is used for both palliative AND prophylaxis reasons?
Tamoxifen
What drug is preferred for use of osteoporosis over Tamoxifen, and why?
Raloxifene = osteoporosis
- Antagonist in uterus
- Agonist in bone
Tamoxifen is agonist in both
What drug is used as initial infertility therapy?
Clomiphene
What drug is used for advanced breast CA after Tamoxifen failure in postmenopausal women?
Anastrozole
What are the three primary uses of Progesterone?
- Oral contraception
- Prevent endometrial hyperplasia in HRT (avoid possible CA)
- Treat conditions where E is contraindicated
What drug is used to terminate pregnancy? What should it always be combined with?
Mifepristone
- Combine with PGs
With P:E ratio, which drug is increased, and why? What can this help reduce?
Progestin is increases through stages to mimic normal hormonal cycle
- Helps reduce side effects
What are the two primary uses of combination therapy? Which drug is performing most of the actions?
Due to P, not E actions
- Inhibit ovulation (no LH surge)
- Reduce risk for ovarian or endometrial CA
What two drugs can reduce the effectiveness of combination therapy?
- P450 inducers (ex. Rifampin)
- Abx
What is the advantage to using Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol (Yaz), and why?
Good for use in PMDD
- Due to less water retention
What is the use of Progestin-ONLY Mini Pills (2)?
- Breastfeeding (can’t use E bc inhibits prolactin)
- When E is CI
With menopause, what two hormones are decreased and what two hormones are increased?
- Decrease in E/P
- Increase in FSH/LH
What three symptoms are often associated with menopause?
- Hot flashes (vasomotor)
- Osteoporosis
- CVD
What are the two primary uses of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?
- Hysterectomy
- Girls with no ovaries
Why should use of P be avoided with HRT after a Hysterectomy?
No P necessary if uterus removed
- P is only added to reduce the risk of uterine CA via endometrial hyperplasia
Generally, when is HRT most beneficial?
LESS than 10 years post-menopause
