Session 19 - Immune- VX why does it matter Flashcards
Maternal antibodies are an example of what type of immunity?
a. Active immunity
b. Innate immunity
c. Passive immunity
d. Cell-mediated immunity
Passive immunity
Why would it be ineffective to provide frozen colostrum from a different mare to a three-day old foal you suspect did not get adequate colostrum?
a. The frozen colostrum antibodies will not be adequately absorbed in a 3-day old foal.
b. The frozen colostrum antibodies will only be effective if they are from the foal’s mother.
c. The frozen colostrum antibodies will interfere with any antibodies the foal got when it nursed.
d. The freezing process damages the maternal antibodies.
The frozen colostrum antibodies will not be adequately absorbed in a 3-day old foal.
When vaccinating puppies, it is common practice to administer between 3-4 doses of distemper vaccine spaced at 2–4-week intervals. What is the purpose of administering multiple booster vaccines to these puppies? Choose the best answer.
a. To inactivate maternal antibodies
b. The dose of vaccine given at each visit is so low that it cannot mount a full immune response; thus, multiple doses are required.
c. To increase antibody concentration during the window of susceptibility: a time period which may vary based on several factors
d. To increase profits in the clinic
To increase antibody concentration during the window of susceptibility: a time period which may vary based on several factors
Which neonatal animal would be most susceptible to multiple infections and a poor immune response?
a. A calf who received low-quality colostrum 2 hours after birth
b. A foal that received high-quality frozen colostrum 24 hours after birth
c. A 10-week puppy who had suckled at birth and has received 2 rounds of vaccines
d. A kitten receiving colostrum from a dam that had recently received and was up to date on vaccinations
A calf who received low-quality colostrum 2 hours after birth
Which enzymes break arachidonic acid down into prostaglandins?
a. Cyclooxygenases
b. Phospholipase A2
c. Lipoxygenases
d. Reverse transcriptases
Cyclooxygenases
Which of the following is the best description of lymphoma as defined in the prework?
a. Greater than 85% small lymphocytes, few medium and large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts), rare plasma cells
b. Greater than 50% large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts)
c. Small lymphocytes predominate, increased numbers of medium and large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts), and plasma cells
d. Significant increases in neutrophils, eosinophils, or macrophages
Greater than 50% large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts)
You submit lymph node aspirates from a dog with lymphadenomegaly and increased respiratory effort. The cytology report interpretation says: “Possible lymphoma.” What is the most appropriate next step?
a. Take a surgical biopsy from the lymph node to submit for histopathology.
b. Submit samples for flow cytometry and/or PARR.
c. Start chemotherapy or prednisone immediately.
d. Tell the client that there isn’t enough information and we should wait to see if the lymph nodes continue to enlarge.
Submit samples for flow cytometry and/or PARR.
Which tumor type is the least likely to metastasis to a lymph node?
a. Fibrosarcoma
b. Melanoma
c. Mast cell tumor
d. Mammary carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
What is true of COX-nonselective inhibitors?
a. They target only COX-2.
b. They target only COX-1.
c. They are associated with less significant side effects.
d. They are associated with more significant sign effects.
They are associated with more significant sign effects.
Which lymph node is less than ideal to sample from if multiple lymph nodes are enlarged?
a. Popliteal lymph nodes
b. Axillary lymph nodes
c. Submandibular lymph nodes
d. Prescapular lymph nodes
Submandibular lymph nodes - you might hit the salivary gland and it can “contaminate” the sample
