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Clin Path II > Serology p2 > Flashcards

Serology p2 Flashcards

1
Q

Latex Agglutination tests are small latex spheres coated with ___. If Pt serum contains antibodies to that antigen, the spheres will ___ together. If the specific antibody is not present, the latex mixture will remain evenly ___.

A
  1. Antigen
  2. Stick
  3. Disperse
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2
Q

Immunochromatography test: (3)

A
  1. Container holds colloidal gold attached to antibodies
  2. Pt serum added
  3. If Pt serum contains antigen that matches antibodies in test kit, antibody-antigen complexes form and color change occurs
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3
Q

Immunochromatography an be used for many ___ (ex: hormones) not just ___ agents

A
  1. Antigens
  2. Infectious agents
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4
Q

Serology refers to using antigen-antibody reactions in the lab for ___ ___

A

Diagnostic purposes

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5
Q

Direct serology uses…

A

Antibodies* in the test to identify an antigen in the patient
*This is antiserum

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6
Q

Indirect serology detect…

A

Antibodies being made by the patient against a specific antigen

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7
Q

Where does antiserum come from?
FINISH

A
  • Produced in another species specifically for testing purposes
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8
Q

Titer measure animals ___ level against a specific ___.

A

Antibody
Disease

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9
Q

Indirect Serology - Titers
In order for a test to confirm an active ___ a ___ times rise must occur in a ___ week period.
The first test is called ___ titer. The following test performed is ___ titer.

A
  1. Infection
  2. 4 times
  3. Two week
  4. Acute titer
  5. Convalescent titer
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10
Q

A titer is serial dilutions. titer tells the last dilu is detectable

A
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11
Q

What are three general test principles?

A
  1. Most tests are run on serum or plasma
  2. Samples may need to be chilled or frozen for transport
  3. Follow instructions for specific test carefully!!
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12
Q

Wash steps are critical to prevent “___ ___”

A

False positives

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13
Q

If a test is not at least ___% sensitive & specific, it is not worth running

A

85%

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14
Q

ELISA uses an ___ to recognize a specific protein (antigen).
An enzyme bound to the antibody causes a ___ change in a substrate.
The more color in ELISA, the more ab-enzyme complex is ___ to the target protein, indicating a ___ (antigen) present.

A
  1. Antibody
  2. Color
  3. Bound
  4. Higher
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15
Q

Radioimmunoassay is a very sensitive technique used to measure concentrations of ___ (ex: hormones).
It requires specialized ___ and is costly. It also requires special precautions since ___ substances are used.

A
  1. Antigens
  2. Equipment
  3. Radioactive
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16
Q

Immunofluorescence is the labeling of ___ or ___ with ___ dyes. This technique is often used to visualize the subcellular distribution of ___ of interest. Immunofluorescent-labeled tissue sections or cultures are studied using a ___ ___.

A
  1. Antibodies
  2. Antigens
  3. Fluorescent dyes
  4. Biomolecules
  5. Fluorescence microscope
17
Q

Coombs testing tests for…

A

Antibodies against “self RBCs”

18
Q

Coombs test:
RBCs from the patient are mixed with ___. If RBCs are coated with ___, they will agglutinate with the antiserum.

A
  1. Antiserum
  2. Antibodies
19
Q

Canine blood typing has ___ different blood groups. It is classified by Dog ___ ___. Group 1.1 has the most potential for ___ reactions and is synonymous with ___ and ___ blood types for dogs

A
  1. 12
  2. Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA)
  3. Antigen
  4. A+ & A-
20
Q

Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) groups are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.
What is special about group 1?

A

Group 1 has three sub-groups
1.1, 1.2, 1.3

21
Q

___ canine blood can be given to any dog that has ___ received a transfusion.
___ canine blood can only be given to a patient with a matching type. If it is not, life-threatening ___ can occur within ___minutes.

A
  1. A-
  2. Never
  3. A+
  4. Anaphylaxis
  5. 45min
22
Q

Feline blood typing has no ____ donors. ___ cats are extremely rare, but can receive either ___ or ___ blood.

A
  1. Universal
  2. AB
  3. A or B
23
Q

What are the three blood types for felines? What is the most common type?

A

A, B, AB
Common: A

24
Q

Blood typing test steps: (4)

A
  1. Whole blood is collected, spun, separated.
  2. Red cells are washed 3x to prevent false positives.
  3. Mixed with antiserum to specific blood types.
  4. Mixture is evaluated for agglutination.
25
Q

Polymerase-Chain Reaction (PCR) tests for antigen ___. It ___ the DNA of the suspect antigen so that it can be ___ in the patient.

A
  1. Identification
  2. Multiplies
  3. Identified
26
Q

How is a tuberculin test done? (3)

A
  1. TB skin test performed
  2. Purified tuberculin is injected into the skin & the site is evaluated 72hrs later for an allergic reaction.
  3. Delayed allergic reaction is mediated by T-cells and is consistent with a carrier animal

Clin Path II (24 decks)

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