Serology p2 Flashcards
Latex Agglutination tests are small latex spheres coated with ___. If Pt serum contains antibodies to that antigen, the spheres will ___ together. If the specific antibody is not present, the latex mixture will remain evenly ___.
- Antigen
- Stick
- Disperse
Immunochromatography test: (3)
- Container holds colloidal gold attached to antibodies
- Pt serum added
- If Pt serum contains antigen that matches antibodies in test kit, antibody-antigen complexes form and color change occurs
Immunochromatography an be used for many ___ (ex: hormones) not just ___ agents
- Antigens
- Infectious agents
Serology refers to using antigen-antibody reactions in the lab for ___ ___
Diagnostic purposes
Direct serology uses…
Antibodies* in the test to identify an antigen in the patient
*This is antiserum
Indirect serology detect…
Antibodies being made by the patient against a specific antigen
Where does antiserum come from?
FINISH
- Produced in another species specifically for testing purposes
Titer measure animals ___ level against a specific ___.
Antibody
Disease
Indirect Serology - Titers
In order for a test to confirm an active ___ a ___ times rise must occur in a ___ week period.
The first test is called ___ titer. The following test performed is ___ titer.
- Infection
- 4 times
- Two week
- Acute titer
- Convalescent titer
A titer is serial dilutions. titer tells the last dilu is detectable
What are three general test principles?
- Most tests are run on serum or plasma
- Samples may need to be chilled or frozen for transport
- Follow instructions for specific test carefully!!
Wash steps are critical to prevent “___ ___”
False positives
If a test is not at least ___% sensitive & specific, it is not worth running
85%
ELISA uses an ___ to recognize a specific protein (antigen).
An enzyme bound to the antibody causes a ___ change in a substrate.
The more color in ELISA, the more ab-enzyme complex is ___ to the target protein, indicating a ___ (antigen) present.
- Antibody
- Color
- Bound
- Higher
Radioimmunoassay is a very sensitive technique used to measure concentrations of ___ (ex: hormones).
It requires specialized ___ and is costly. It also requires special precautions since ___ substances are used.
- Antigens
- Equipment
- Radioactive
Immunofluorescence is the labeling of ___ or ___ with ___ dyes. This technique is often used to visualize the subcellular distribution of ___ of interest. Immunofluorescent-labeled tissue sections or cultures are studied using a ___ ___.
- Antibodies
- Antigens
- Fluorescent dyes
- Biomolecules
- Fluorescence microscope
Coombs testing tests for…
Antibodies against “self RBCs”
Coombs test:
RBCs from the patient are mixed with ___. If RBCs are coated with ___, they will agglutinate with the antiserum.
- Antiserum
- Antibodies
Canine blood typing has ___ different blood groups. It is classified by Dog ___ ___. Group 1.1 has the most potential for ___ reactions and is synonymous with ___ and ___ blood types for dogs
- 12
- Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA)
- Antigen
- A+ & A-
Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) groups are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.
What is special about group 1?
Group 1 has three sub-groups
1.1, 1.2, 1.3
___ canine blood can be given to any dog that has ___ received a transfusion.
___ canine blood can only be given to a patient with a matching type. If it is not, life-threatening ___ can occur within ___minutes.
- A-
- Never
- A+
- Anaphylaxis
- 45min
Feline blood typing has no ____ donors. ___ cats are extremely rare, but can receive either ___ or ___ blood.
- Universal
- AB
- A or B
What are the three blood types for felines? What is the most common type?
A, B, AB
Common: A
Blood typing test steps: (4)
- Whole blood is collected, spun, separated.
- Red cells are washed 3x to prevent false positives.
- Mixed with antiserum to specific blood types.
- Mixture is evaluated for agglutination.
Polymerase-Chain Reaction (PCR) tests for antigen ___. It ___ the DNA of the suspect antigen so that it can be ___ in the patient.
- Identification
- Multiplies
- Identified
How is a tuberculin test done? (3)
- TB skin test performed
- Purified tuberculin is injected into the skin & the site is evaluated 72hrs later for an allergic reaction.
- Delayed allergic reaction is mediated by T-cells and is consistent with a carrier animal
