Serology p1

Question 1

Serology definition

Answer 1

The study of the interaction between antibodies and antigens

Question 2

Monoclonal antibodies are…

Answer 2

Identical antibodies all produced from one lymphocyte clone line against a specific antigen

Question 3

Different types of antibodies:
1. IgG:
2. IgA:
3. IgM:
4. IgE:

Answer 3

1. IgG: Most common seen
   - Neutralizes microbes & toxins
   - Long-term protection
2. IgA:
   - Mucosal immunity
3. IgM:
   - Activation of complement
   - Immediate response
4. IgE:
   - Parasitic infection & allergic reactions

Question 4

Antibodies are proteins that recognize & bind to particular ___ with very high ___.
Antibodies are made in response to ___ to the antigen.
One virus may have several ___ ___ sites, to which different antibodies by bind.

Answer 4

1. Antigen
2. Specificity
3. Exposure
4. Antigenic determinant sites

Question 5

Antibodies in the clonal section are made when a ___ cell encounters an ___ it recognizes. It is stimulated & ___ into many clones called ___ cells, which actively secrete ___.
Each B cell produces ___ that will recognize only ___ antigenic determinant.

Answer 5

1. B cell
2. Antigen
3. Divides
4. Plasma cells
5. Antibodies
6. Antibodies
7. One

Question 6

Antigen-Antibody complex is formed when…

Answer 6

An antibody binds to an antigen it recognizes

Question 7

Agglutination is when…

Answer 7

Antibodies cause antigens (microbes) to clump together

Question 8

Opsonization is…

Answer 8

Antigen (microbe) is covered with antibodies that enhances its ingestion and lysis by phagocytic cells

Question 9

Antibody titer is…

Answer 9

The amount of antibody in the serum

Question 10

Pattern of antibody levels during infection (4)

Answer 10

1. After initial exposure to antigen, no antibodies are found in serum for several days.
2. A gradual increase in titer, first of IgM and then of IgG is observed.
3. Most B cells become plasma cells, but some become long living memory cells.
4. Gradual decline of antibodies follows

Question 11

Anamnestic Response is a ___ response. Subsequent exposure to the ___ antigen displays a ___ and more ___ antibody response.
Increased antibody response is due to the existence of ___ cells, which rapidly produce plasma cell upon ___ stimulation.

Answer 11

1. Secondary
2. Same
3. Faster
4. Intense
5. Memory cells
6. Antigen

Question 12

Why do we vaccinate?

Answer 12

To have an anamnestic response

Question 13

Immunologic lab tests for… (2)

Answer 13

Tests of…
1. Cell-mediated immunity
2. Humoral immunity
- Serology
- Manufactured monoclonal antibodies

Question 14

A good diagnostic test is both ___ and ___!!

Answer 14

Sensitive & specific

Question 15

Sensitivity refers to the tests ability to…

Answer 15

Correctly detect patients that DO have the disease

Question 16

Specificity refers to the tests ability to…

Answer 16

Correctly detect patients WITHOUT the disease