Serological and Molecular Detection of Viral Infections Flashcards
What are host immune responses in viral immunology?
Innate defenses; humoral antibody responses; cell-mediated immunity.
What are virus evasion mechanisms in viral immunology?
Mutations; block immune system components; suppress immune response; alter immune function; latent state.
Define hepatitis.
Inflammation of the liver.
What are the most severe clinical manifestations of hepatitis?
Jaundice and elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes.
What is the hepatitis B surface marker?
HBsAg.
HBsAg is a marker for active ___ infection and a component of the ___ vaccine.
HBV; Hep B.
The the result of a hepatitis B test is positive, but the patient is not showing any additional symptoms, what is the likely result?
Patient may have been recently vaccinated.
What is the hepatitis Be antigen?
HBeAg.
HBeAg is a marker of viral ___; indicates high ___.
replication; infectivity.
IgM Anti-HBc is indicative of what condition?
Hepatitis core antibody; current infection.
Anti-HBs is indicative of what?
Immunity to hepatitis B.
Anti-Hbe is indicative of what?
Recover from hepatitis B.
Total anti-HBc is indicative of what?
Current or post hepatitis infection.
What hepatitis B surface antigen is first detected in an acute infection?
HBsAg.
In an acute hepatitis B infection, which antibody is first to decrease concentration?
IgM Anti-HBc.
In a chronic hepatitis B infection, which surface markers remain present?
HBsAg, HBeAg, and Total anti-HBc.
Describe the predicted results of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in the following situation:
Not immune - not protected.
Has not been infected, but is still at risk for possible hepatitis B infection.
HBsAg: negative
HBsAb: negative
HBcAb: negative
Describe the predicted results of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in the following situation:
Immune controlled-protected.
Surface antibodies are present due to natural infection. Has recovered from a prior Hep B infection. Cannot infect others.
HBsAg: negative
HBsAb: positive
HBcAb: positive
Describe the predicted results of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in the following situation:
Immune - protected
Has been vaccinated. Does not have the virus and has never been infected.
HBsAg: negative
HBsAb: positive
HBcAb: negative
Describe the predicted results of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in the following situation:
Infected.
Positive HBsAg indicates hep B virus is present. Virus can spread to others. Find a doctor who is knowledgeable about Hep B for further eval.
HBsAg: positive
HBsAb: negative
HBcAb: positive
Describe the predicted results of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb in the following situation:
Could be Infected.
Result unclear - possible past or current hep B infection. Find a doctor who is knowledgeable about hep B for further eval.
HBsAg: negative
HBsAb: negative
HBcAb: positive
In hepatitis C what positive screening result needs to be confirmed through secondary testing methods?
Anti-HCV IgG.
Anti-HCV IgG testing may produce false-positive results due to…
Cross-reactivity.
What are the confirmatory tests for Hepatitis C?
Nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA.
Before starting treatment, what is additional testing is needed?
Genotyping.
