Innate Immunity Flashcards
What are the two lines of defense in innate immunity?
External and internal defense.
What external defense system does our body adopt?
Skin, respiratory tract, urine, and digestive tract.
Define acute phase reactants.
Soluble factors found in the serum that increase rapidly in response to infection, injury, or tissue damage.
Phagocytosis is the most important function and is enhanced by certain receptors known as what?
Pattern recognition receptors.
What are examples of pattern recognition receptors (PRPs)?
Tole like receptors (TLRs) - gram negative organisms.
C-type lectin receptor (CLR)
Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor (RLR)
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptor
Acute phase reactants are facilitators between microbes and phagocytic cells by doing what?
Binding and promoting adherence (first step in thrombocytosis).
What are examples of acute phase reactants?
CRP, complement C3, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen.
Define inflammation.
The body’s overall reaction to injury or invasion by a pathogen.
Discuss the process of inflammation.
Chemical mediators are released, increasing blood flow, which is that redness (erythema), and heat that is seen in clinical presentations.
An increase in capillary permeability allows plasma to leak into the surrounding tissues, causing what condition?
Edema (swelling) and pain.
Define natural killer (NK) cells.
The first line of defense agains virally infected cells, intracellular pathogens, and tumor cells.
What types of cells are able to eliminate damaged and viral cells without prior exposure due to their lack of specificity?
Natural Killer (NK) cells.
NK cells can indirectly influence the ___ immune system which provides the essential link from ___ to ___ immunity.
NK cells can indirectly influence the adaptive immune system which provides the essential link from innate to adaptive immunity.
What are the steps of phagocytosis?
(1) Adherence, (2) Engulfment, (3) Formation of phagosome, (4) Granule contact, (5) Formation of phagolysosome, (6) Digestion, (7) Excretion.
What is the function of CRP?
Opsonization, complement activation.
