HIV Flashcards
What are the three routes HIV can be transmitted?
(1) Intimate sexual contact; (2) Contact with blood or other body fluids; (3) Perinatally (infected mother to infant).
HIV uses ___ to transcribe viral RNA into DNA.
reverse transcriptase.
What is the function of the docking glycoprotein (gp120) on HIV?
Binds CD4 to T cell.
What cells are the main target for HIV infection because they express high numbers of CD4 molecules on their surface?
T helper (Th) cells.
What is the main function of chemokine receptors?
To direct white blood cells to sites of inflammation.
What innate defense cells are used for the response of HIV infection?
NK and Dendritic cells.
How long after HIV infection are antibodies detectable?
6 weeks.
Cell-mediated immunity uses what T cells in response to a HIV infection?
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphs (CTLs).
What is HIV escape mechanisms?
(1) Genetic mutations;
(2) Downregulation of MCH-1;
(3) Survival as latent provirus;
(4) Targets CD4 T cells.
How does a primary HIV infection affect CD4 levels?
Decrease.
How does a latency HIV infection affect CD4 levels?
Increase.
How does the AIDS stage of HIV infection affect the CD4 levels?
Very low decrease.
What are the standard screening methods used for HIV testing?
ELISA and CLIA.
What is the normal ratio of CD4:CD8 when monitoring for HIV using clow cytometry?
2.0.
A CD4:CD8 ratio of <1 is indicative of what condition?
HIV.
