Block 1: Exam & Quizzes Flashcards
Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary response?
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgE
d. IgA
b. IgM
Which of the following is a characteristic of cytokines?
a. They are directly cytotoxic to bacteria
b. They are produced primarily by the liver
c. They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system
d. They are polysaccharides
c. They are chemical messengers that regulate the immune system
Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are:
a. eosinophils
b. macrophages
c. neutrophils
d. B cells
d. B cells
The purpose of negative selection of B cells is to:
a. eliminate B cells that don’t express mu
b. prevent activation of B cells in the bone marrow
c. direct more B cells to become plasma cells
d. eliminate B cells that are specific for self-antigens
d. eliminate B cells that are specific for self-antigens
Identify the true statement about the secondary response verses the primary antibody response.
a. The primary response has a long lag phase; the secondary response has a short lag phase
b. The primary response has a short lag phase; the secondary response has a long lag phase
c. The primary response involves a rapid increase in antibody titer whereas the secondary response involves a rapid decrease in antibody titer
d. The primary response involves predominately an increase in IgG antibodies whereas the secondary response involves predominantly an increase in IgM antibodies
a. The primary response has a long lag phase; the secondary response has a short lag phase
Which factor is associated with factor H to inactivate complement components?
a. C11NH
b. Factor I
c. DAF
d. CR1
b. Factor I
This type of immunity is known as natural, nonspecific immunity?
a. Humoral
b. Adaptive
c. Innate
d. Cell mediated
c. Innate
A cytokine “storm” is a:
a. systemic transfer of reactive macrophages induced by cytokines
b. cytokine-mediated invasion of an infected wound by leukocytes
c. massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis
d. psychological response to cytokines binding to hypothalamic receptors
c. massive, pathological overproduction of cytokines that contributes to pathogenesis
Which of the following is a characteristic of complement?
a. It is activated by IgE in the classical pathway
b. It cannot be active by molecules other than antigen-antibody complexes
c. It plays a role in the lysis of target cells coated with specific antibodies
d. It is enhanced by decay-accelerating factor
c. It plays a role in the lysis of target cells coated with specific antibodies
Which a following characteristic of IgA?
a. it can be passively transferred through breastmilk
b. It fixes complement
c. It is a pentamer in the serum
d. It is the primary response antibody
a. it can be passively transferred through breastmilk
Phagocytosis is a critical part of which of the following?
a. Innate, specific, internal defense mechanism
b. Innate, nonspecific, internal defense mechanism
c. Innate, nonspecific, external defense mechanism
d. Adaptive, specific, internal defense mechanism
b. Innate, nonspecific, internal defense mechanism
This is the process of weaking a virus or pathogen usually through heat, aging, chemical treatment or repeated cell culturing.
a. Immunization
b. Attenuation
c. Phagocytosis
d. Labeled immunoassay
b. Attenuation
Identify the main action of IL-6.
a. Stimulate red blood cell production
b. Stimulate synthesis of acute-phase reactants
c. Inhibits antigen presentation by macrophages
d. Decreases activation of T and B cells
b. Stimulate synthesis of acute-phase reactants
The lectin pathway is initiated by the presence of which of the following?
a. Antibody
b. Mannose
c. C3
d. C1qrs
b. Mannose
Interferons play a significant role in protection against what type of infection?
a. Bacterial
b. Fungal
c. Viral
d. Parasitic
c. Viral
The function of CD4+ T cells is:
a. to help B cells make antibodies
b. to kill virally infected cells
c. phagocytosis
d. opsonization
a. to help B cells make antibodies
T lymphocytes undergo antigen-independent maturation in the:
a. Thymus
b. Bone marrow
c. Lymph nodes
d. Spleen
a. Thymus
This assay is useful in measuring cytokines by detecting and enumerating individual cytokine-secreting cells.
a. Polymerase chain reaction
b. Agglutination
c. Microbead assay
d. ELISpot
d. ELISpot
Which of the following is an internal defense mechanism?
a. Keratin coated epithelial cells
b. Lactic acid in sweat
c. Surfactant in mucosal secretions
d. Phagocytosis
d. Phagocytosis
Which complement protein is a key intermediated in all complement pathways?
a. C2
b. C3
c. C4
d. C1
b. C3
Serum proteins that increase in concentration within 24 to 48 hours of the onset of infection or injury are called:
a. reagins.
b. immunoglobulins.
c. complement proteins.
d. acute-phase proteins.
d. acute-phase proteins.
The purpose of negative selection of B cells is to:
a. eliminate B cells that don’t express mu.
b. prevent activation of B cells in the bone marrow.
c. direct more B cells to become plasma cells.
d. eliminate B cells that are specific for self-antigens.
d. eliminate B cells that are specific for self-antigens.
Which is a characteristic of circulating neutrophils?
a. Kill cells with granzymes
b. Membranes express antigen-specific receptors
c. Membranes express pathogen-recognition receptors
d. Activated by alpha-1 antitrypsin
c. Membranes express pathogen-recognition receptors
Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary response?
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE
b. IgM
Multiple cytokines are activated to cause similar biological effects. What is this process called?
a. Pleiotropy
b. Redundancy
c. Synergism
d. Antagonism
b. Redundancy
T lymphocytes undergo antigen-independent maturation in the:
a. thymus.
b. bone marrow.
c. lymph node.
d. spleen.
a. thymus.
What is the major function of C-reactive protein?
a. Opsonization
b. Binding hemoglobin
c. Causing vasodilation
d. Promoting clot formation
a. Opsonization
Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response are:
a. eosinophils.
b. macrophages.
c. neutrophils.
d. B cells.
d. B cells.
All of the following cells are considered part of innate, natural immunity EXCEPT:
a. eosinophils.
b. B lymphocytes.
c. monocytes.
d. neutrophils.
b. B lymphocytes.
The internal defense system includes which of the following?
a. Cilia
b. Mucous membranes
c. Acute-phase reactants
d. Acidity of the skin
c. Acute-phase reactants
The receptor for antigen on a mature naïve B cell is:
a. class I MHC.
b. class II MHC.
c. IgG.
d. IgM.
d. IgM.
Antibodies are secreted by:
a. plasma cells.
b. B cells.
c. T cells.
d. dendritic cells.
a. plasma cells.
Which factors are only associated with the alternative pathway?
a. Factor B and factor D
b. Factor D and C3
c. Factor B and C2
d. C2 and MBL
a. Factor B and factor D
Which of the following is part of the external defense system?
a. Ceruloplasmin
b. Skin
c. Neutrophils
d. Complement
b. Skin
Which acute-phase reactant is an important clotting factor?
a. Haptoglobin
b. Ceruloplasmin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Alpha-2 macroglobulin
c. Fibrinogen
