Separation Standards

Question 1

What are the three types of separation?

Answer 1

Vertical, Longitudinal, Lateral

Question 2

To which aircraft and in which airspace shall vertical or horizontal separation be applied?

Answer 2

All flights in Class A and B airspace
IFR flights in Class C, D and E airspace
IFR & VFR flights in Class C airspace
IFR & SVFR
SVFR as prescribed
Insofar as possible to IFR in Class F airspace

In Class G NO separation is provided

Question 3

When shall separation minima be increased?

Answer 3

Requested by the pilot
ATCO Considers it necessary
Wake Turbulence
If the authority directs

Question 4

What happens if separation in one type cannot be maintained?

Answer 4

Then separation using another type must be gained

Question 5

When is the only time separation minima can be reduced in controlled airspace?

Answer 5

When requested and agreed by both pilots, in airspace Class D and E below 10000ft, during climb or descent in day VMC when essential traffic info is passed.

Question 6

What should essential traffic information concern?

Answer 6

Direction of flight of aircraft
Type
Level

and either
1) ETA over point 2) Bearing 3) Position

Question 7

What should the ATCO do when a LoS occurs?

Answer 7

Use every means to obtain required minimum with least possible delay. THEN pass traffic info if practicable.

Question 8

How should an ATCO respond to pilot report of TCAS RA?

Answer 8

No instructions are to be given to the aircraft until the pilot reports “clear of conflict”

Question 9

What are types of ATCO induced LoS?

Answer 9

Clearance provides inadequate separation
Controller Mistake
Controller Lapse
OJTI fails to intervene
Coordination failure

Question 10

What are the types of pilot induced LoS?

Answer 10

Deviation from Clearance due to inattention, mis-setting, mismanagement of equipment
Avoiding a perceived LoS
Avoiding Weather
Inadequate TCAS resolution
Ineffective Lookout
Flying non-standard speeds/ROC/ROD
Entering CAS without clearance