Lateral Separation

Question 1

What is lateral separation?

Answer 1

Aircraft operating on different routes
Aircraft being in different geographical locations with the use of visual references, Navaids or RNAV

Question 2

What are the means with which lateral separation can be obtained?

Answer 2

By reference to geographical locations
By use of the sane Navaids or Nav methods
By use of RNAV where RNP is specified
By transitioning into airspace where a greater lateral separation applies

Question 3

Is lateral separation obtained using flyover waypoints?

Answer 3

No, only fly-by waypoints ensure lateral separation on ATS routes

Question 4

What are the four methods of same navaid/nav method lateral separation?

Answer 4

VOR
NDB
GNSS/GNSS
VOR/GNSS

Question 5

What is the VOR method of same navaid/nav method lateral separation?

Answer 5

Lateral separation is achieved on the VOR method when both aircraft are established on radials diverging by at least 15 degrees and at least one aircraft is 15nm from the VOR.

Question 6

What is the NDB method of same navaid/nav method lateral separation?

Answer 6

Lateral separation is achieved on the NDB method when both aircraft are established on radials diverging by at least 30 degrees and at least one aircraft is 15nm from the VOR

Question 7

What is the GNSS/GNSS method of same navaid/nav method lateral separation?

Answer 7

Each aircraft is established on a track with zero offset and at least one aircraft is at a minimum distance from a common point

Question 8

What is the VOR/GNSS method of same navaid/nav method lateral separation?

Answer 8

One aircraft is established on a radial and the other aircraft is established on a track with zero offset and at least one aircraft is at a minimum distance from a common point

Question 9

When can states reduce the distance at which lateral separation is achieved?

Answer 9

When aircraft are operating on tracks which are separated by considerably more than the minimum figures

Question 10

Can different navaids or methods be used to achieve lateral separation?

Answer 10

Yes, if the the protected airspaces for the navaids or RNP do not overlap

Question 11

How can lateral separation be achieved in RNAV airspace by aircraft on parallel tracks or routes?

Answer 11

By requiring the aircraft to be established on the centerlines of the parallel tracks/routes which are spaced at a distance ensuring separation