Sensory System Flashcards
What are the 2 basic groups of senses
General senses
Special senses
It provide sensory information about the body and the environment
Somatic senses
provide information about various internal organs primarily involving pain and pressure
Visceral senses
What are the 5 special senses
Vision
Smell (olfaction)
Taste
Hearing
Balance
Receptors localized within specific organs
Special senses
Receptors distributed over a large part of the body
General senses
Somatic senses are located in the
Skin
Muscle
Joints
Visceral senses are located in the
Internal organs
What are the general senses
Touch
Temperature
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception
Vibration
Itch
Visceral senses provide information about various internal organs primarily involving… and ….
Pain and pressure
sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials
Sensory receptors
What are the 2 general senses
Somatic senses
Visceral senses
What are the 5 sensory receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photo receptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to light
Photoreceptors
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to temperature changes
Thermoreceptors
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain
Nociceptors
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to chemicals
Chemoreceptors
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to mechanical stimuli, such as bending or stretching of receptors
Mechanoreceptors
What are the 5 touch receptors (My Matt Hates RP
Merkel disks
Missner corpuscles
Hair follicle receptors
Ruffini corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Identify the touch receptors:
Light touch and superficial pressure
Merkel disks
Identify the touch receptors:
Associated with hairs and involved in detecting light touch (not very discriminative)
Hair follicle receptors
Identify the touch receptors:
fine, discriminative touch
Very specific in localizing tactile sensations
Meissner corpuscles
Identify the touch receptors:
Continuous pressure in the skin
Ruffini corpuscles
Identify the touch receptors:
Deep receptors, associated with tendons and joints
Pacinian corpuscles
Identify the touch receptors:
It is located just deep to the epidermis
Meissner corpuscles
It is a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences
Pain
Perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus
Referred pain
Referred pain is most commonly sensed when deeper structures such as … are …
Such as internal organs
Damaged or inflamed
What is the sensory receptors for taste
Chemoreceptors
What is the sensory receptors for vision
Photoreceptors
What is the sensory receptors for hearing
Mechanoreceptors
What is the sensory receptors for balance
Mechanoreceptors
Airborne odorants become dissolved in the mucus on the surface of the epithelium
Olfaction
Olfaction is the binding of the odorant to the receptor that initiates
Action potential
It is the sensory structure that detect taste stimuli
Taste buds
Where is the taste buds located at
Located on the surface of the tongue (papillae)
What are the 5 basic type of taste sensations
Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami (savory)
What are the three cranial nerves that taste sensations are carried to the brain
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Identify the cranial nerve:
It is the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Facial nerve
Identify the cranial nerve:
Posterior one-third
glossopharyngeal nerve
Identify the cranial nerve:
Root of the tongue
Vagus nerve
It is distributed all throughout your body
Free nerve endings
It can respond to stimuli
Free nerve endings
It responds to decreasing temp but stops at 12°C
Cold receptors
It responds to increasing temp but stops at 47°C
Warm receptors
Cold Receptors respond to decreasing temperature but stops at
12°
Warm Receptors respond to increasing temperature but stops at
47°
What are the 2 types of pain
Localized
Diffuse
Identify the type of pain:
• sharp, pricking, cutting pain
• rapid action potential
Localized
Identify the type of pain:
• burning, aching pain
• slower action potentials
Diffuse
What are the 2 pain control
Local anesthesia
General anesthesia
Identify the pain control:
• action potentials suppressed from pain receptors in local areas
• chemicals are injected near sensory nerve
Local anestheti
Identify the pain control:
• loss of consciousness
• chemicals affect reticular formation
General anesthesia
How many can we detect diff smells
10 000
It is the sense smell
Olfaction
What is the sensory receptor for smell
Chemoreceptors
Nasal cavity contains ____ where odors become dissolved
A thin film of mucous
Olfactory neurons are located in …
Mucous
It is the olfactory neurons that are enlarged and contains cilia
Dendrites
It pick up odor, depolarize, and carry odor to axons in olfactory bulb
Dendrites
It is found in the frontal and temporal lobes process odor
Olfactory cortex
How many taste cells are in the taste buds
40
Each taste cell has taste _____ that extends into taste ____
Hairs
Pores
Taste buds pick up taste and send it to the ….
Taste cells
Taste cells send taste to …
Taste hairs
How does taste works?
- Taste buds pick up taste and send it to taste cells.
- Taste cells send taste to taste hairs.
- Taste hairs contain receptors that initiate an action potential which is carried to parietal lobe.
- Brain processes taste.
Taste is also linked to ….
Smell
Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from sweat and shade from the sun
Eyebrow
Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from foreign objects and lubricating blinking
Eyelid /eyelashes
How many times do we blink per minute
20 times
Point to your medial angle of eye and lateral angle of eye
-
it is a thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid
Conjunctiva
It lubricates the eyes
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal glands produce
Tears
What are the 3 lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
Small duct that collects excess tears
Lacrimal canaliculi
Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
It is the enlargement of the nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal sac
It helps move eyeball
Extrinsic eye muscle
What are the 4 recuts muscle of the eye
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
What are the 2 oblique muscles of the eye
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
How many layers of tunic are there in the eye
3
What are the 3 tunic
Name them from the outermost layer
Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic
• firm, white outer part
• helps maintain eye shape, provides attachment sites, protects internal structures
Sclera
“White of the eye”
Sclera
It is the transparent structure that covers iris and pupil
Cornea
Cornea allows light to ____ and ____ light
Enter
Focuses
It is the middle layer Tunis and contains blood vessels
Vascular tunic
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
• black part (melanin)
• delivers O2 and nutrients to retina
Choroid
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Helps hold lens in place
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Flexible disk
Focuses light onto retina
Lens
Choroid delivers O2 and nutrients to the …
Retina
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It is the colored part and
surrounds and regulates the pupil
Iris
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It regulates the amount of light entering
Pupil
In pupil,
If there is lots of light =
If there is little light =
Constricted
Dilated
It is the Innermost tunic
Nervous Tunic
It covers posterior 5/6 of eye
Retina
What are the 2layers of retina
Pigmented retina
Sensory retina
Identify the retina:
• outer layer
• keeps light from reflecting back in eye
Pigmented retina
Identify the retina:
• contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
• contains interneurons
Sensory retina
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Photoreceptors sensitive to light
Rods
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
photoreceptors provide color vision
Cones
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Can function in dim light -
Require more light -
Rods
Cones
Name the part of nervous tunic:
Photosensitive pigment in rod cells
Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin consists of…
Opsin and retinal
It is the colorless protein in rhodopsin
Opsin
It is the yellow pigment in rhodopsin and requires vitamin A
Retinal
How many externals eye muscles attached to its surface
6
Extrinsic eye muscle is responsible for the movement of
Each eyeball
Blind spot of the eye
Optic discs
It is the spot just medial to the macula through which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina
Optic disc
It is the absence of perception of one or more of perception of one or more color
Color blindness
Color blindness occur more frequently in males or females
Males
It is the misalignment of the two eyes
Diplopia/ double vision
Diplopia results from the weakness of the ____ moving the eyes
Muscles
Identify the part of area of the ear:
part extending from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
External ear
Identify the part of area of the ear:
air-filled chamber medial to the tympanic membrane
Middle ear
Identify the part of area of the ear:
Inner ear
It is the fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head
Auricle
The external ear collects sound wave and directs them toward the …
External auditory canal
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Type of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia, leading cause of infectious blindness in the world, transmitted by contact or flies
Trachoma
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Infection of eyelash hair follicle
Stye
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Nearsightedness- able to see close but not far
Myopia
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Farsightedness - able to see far but not near
Hyperopia
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Cornea or lens is not uniformly curved, so image is not sharply focused
Astigmatism
Identify the disease/ disorders:
One or both eye is misdirected. Results from weak eye muscles
Strabismus
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Phantom sound sensation, such as ringing in ears
Tinnitus
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear
Meniere disease
