Sensory System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 basic groups of senses
A
General senses
Special senses
2
Q
It provide sensory information about the body and the environment
A
Somatic senses
3
Q
provide information about various internal organs primarily involving pain and pressure
A
Visceral senses
4
Q
What are the 5 special senses
A
Vision
Smell (olfaction)
Taste
Hearing
Balance
5
Q
Receptors localized within specific organs
A
Special senses
6
Q
Receptors distributed over a large part of the body
A
General senses
7
Q
Somatic senses are located in the
A
Skin
Muscle
Joints
8
Q
Visceral senses are located in the
A
Internal organs
9
Q
What are the general senses
A
Touch
Temperature
Pain
Pressure
Proprioception
Vibration
Itch
10
Q
Visceral senses provide information about various internal organs primarily involving… and ….
A
Pain and pressure
11
Q
sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials
A
Sensory receptors
12
Q
What are the 2 general senses
A
Somatic senses
Visceral senses
13
Q
What are the 5 sensory receptors
A
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photo receptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
14
Q
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to light
A
Photoreceptors
15
Q
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to temperature changes
A
Thermoreceptors
16
Q
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to stimuli that result in the sensation of pain
A
Nociceptors
17
Q
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to chemicals
A
Chemoreceptors
18
Q
Identify the sensory receptors:
Respond to mechanical stimuli, such as bending or stretching of receptors
A
Mechanoreceptors
19
Q
What are the 5 touch receptors (My Matt Hates RP
A
Merkel disks
Missner corpuscles
Hair follicle receptors
Ruffini corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
20
Q
Identify the touch receptors:
Light touch and superficial pressure
A
Merkel disks
21
Q
Identify the touch receptors:
Associated with hairs and involved in detecting light touch (not very discriminative)
A
Hair follicle receptors
22
Q
Identify the touch receptors:
fine, discriminative touch
Very specific in localizing tactile sensations
A
Meissner corpuscles
23
Q
Identify the touch receptors:
Continuous pressure in the skin
A
Ruffini corpuscles
24
Q
Identify the touch receptors:
Deep receptors, associated with tendons and joints
A
Pacinian corpuscles
25
Identify the touch receptors:
It is located just deep to the epidermis
Meissner corpuscles
26
It is a group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences
Pain
27
Perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus
Referred pain
28
Referred pain is most commonly sensed when deeper structures such as … are …
Such as internal organs
Damaged or inflamed
29
What is the sensory receptors for taste
Chemoreceptors
30
What is the sensory receptors for vision
Photoreceptors
31
What is the sensory receptors for hearing
Mechanoreceptors
32
What is the sensory receptors for balance
Mechanoreceptors
33
Airborne odorants become dissolved in the mucus on the surface of the epithelium
Olfaction
34
Olfaction is the binding of the odorant to the receptor that initiates
Action potential
35
It is the sensory structure that detect taste stimuli
Taste buds
36
Where is the taste buds located at
Located on the surface of the tongue (papillae)
37
What are the 5 basic type of taste sensations
Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami (savory)
38
What are the three cranial nerves that taste sensations are carried to the brain
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
39
Identify the cranial nerve:
It is the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Facial nerve
40
Identify the cranial nerve:
Posterior one-third
glossopharyngeal nerve
41
Identify the cranial nerve:
Root of the tongue
Vagus nerve
42
It is distributed all throughout your body
Free nerve endings
43
It can respond to stimuli
Free nerve endings
44
It responds to decreasing temp but stops at 12°C
Cold receptors
45
It responds to increasing temp but stops at 47°C
Warm receptors
46
Cold Receptors respond to decreasing temperature but stops at
12°
47
Warm Receptors respond to increasing temperature but stops at
47°
48
What are the 2 types of pain
Localized
Diffuse
49
Identify the type of pain:
• sharp, pricking, cutting pain
• rapid action potential
Localized
50
Identify the type of pain:
• burning, aching pain
• slower action potentials
Diffuse
51
What are the 2 pain control
Local anesthesia
General anesthesia
52
Identify the pain control:
• action potentials suppressed from pain receptors in local areas
• chemicals are injected near sensory nerve
Local anestheti
53
Identify the pain control:
• loss of consciousness
• chemicals affect reticular formation
General anesthesia
54
How many can we detect diff smells
10 000
55
It is the sense smell
Olfaction
56
What is the sensory receptor for smell
Chemoreceptors
57
Nasal cavity contains ____ where odors become dissolved
A thin film of mucous
58
Olfactory neurons are located in …
Mucous
59
It is the olfactory neurons that are enlarged and contains cilia
Dendrites
60
It pick up odor, depolarize, and carry odor to axons in olfactory bulb
Dendrites
61
It is found in the frontal and temporal lobes process odor
Olfactory cortex
62
How many taste cells are in the taste buds
40
63
Each taste cell has taste _____ that extends into taste ____
Hairs
Pores
64
Taste buds pick up taste and send it to the ….
Taste cells
65
Taste cells send taste to …
Taste hairs
66
How does taste works?
1. Taste buds pick up taste and send it to taste cells.
2. Taste cells send taste to taste hairs.
3. Taste hairs contain receptors that initiate an action potential which is carried to parietal lobe.
4. Brain processes taste.
67
Taste is also linked to ….
Smell
68
Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from sweat and shade from the sun
Eyebrow
69
Identify the accessory structure of vision:
It protects from foreign objects and lubricating blinking
Eyelid /eyelashes
70
How many times do we blink per minute
20 times
71
Point to your medial angle of eye and lateral angle of eye
-
72
it is a thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid
Conjunctiva
73
It lubricates the eyes
Conjunctiva
74
Lacrimal glands produce
Tears
75
What are the 3 lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
76
Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
Small duct that collects excess tears
Lacrimal canaliculi
77
Identify the type of lacrimal apparatus:
It is the enlargement of the nasolacrimal duct
Lacrimal sac
78
It helps move eyeball
Extrinsic eye muscle
79
What are the 4 recuts muscle of the eye
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
80
What are the 2 oblique muscles of the eye
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
81
How many layers of tunic are there in the eye
3
82
What are the 3 tunic
Name them from the outermost layer
Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic
83
• firm, white outer part
• helps maintain eye shape, provides attachment sites, protects internal structures
Sclera
84
“White of the eye”
Sclera
85
It is the transparent structure that covers iris and pupil
Cornea
86
Cornea allows light to ____ and ____ light
Enter
Focuses
87
It is the middle layer Tunis and contains blood vessels
Vascular tunic
88
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
• black part (melanin)
• delivers O2 and nutrients to retina
Choroid
89
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Helps hold lens in place
Ciliary body
Suspensory ligaments
90
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
Flexible disk
Focuses light onto retina
Lens
91
Choroid delivers O2 and nutrients to the …
Retina
92
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It is the colored part and
surrounds and regulates the pupil
Iris
93
Identify the parts in vascular tunic:
It regulates the amount of light entering
Pupil
94
In pupil,
If there is lots of light =
If there is little light =
Constricted
Dilated
95
It is the Innermost tunic
Nervous Tunic
96
It covers posterior 5/6 of eye
Retina
97
What are the 2layers of retina
Pigmented retina
Sensory retina
98
Identify the retina:
• outer layer
• keeps light from reflecting back in eye
Pigmented retina
99
Identify the retina:
• contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
• contains interneurons
Sensory retina
100
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Photoreceptors sensitive to light
Rods
101
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
photoreceptors provide color vision
Cones
102
Name the part of the nervous tunic:
Can function in dim light -
Require more light -
Rods
Cones
103
Name the part of nervous tunic:
Photosensitive pigment in rod cells
Rhodopsin
104
Rhodopsin consists of…
Opsin and retinal
105
It is the colorless protein in rhodopsin
Opsin
106
It is the yellow pigment in rhodopsin and requires vitamin A
Retinal
107
How many externals eye muscles attached to its surface
6
108
Extrinsic eye muscle is responsible for the movement of
Each eyeball
109
Blind spot of the eye
Optic discs
110
It is the spot just medial to the macula through which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina
Optic disc
111
It is the absence of perception of one or more of perception of one or more color
Color blindness
112
Color blindness occur more frequently in males or females
Males
113
It is the misalignment of the two eyes
Diplopia/ double vision
114
Diplopia results from the weakness of the ____ moving the eyes
Muscles
115
Identify the part of area of the ear:
part extending from the outside of the head to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
External ear
116
Identify the part of area of the ear:
air-filled chamber medial to the tympanic membrane
Middle ear
117
Identify the part of area of the ear:
Inner ear
118
It is the fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head
Auricle
119
The external ear collects sound wave and directs them toward the …
External auditory canal
120
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Type of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia, leading cause of infectious blindness in the world, transmitted by contact or flies
Trachoma
121
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Infection of eyelash hair follicle
Stye
122
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Nearsightedness- able to see close but not far
Myopia
123
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Farsightedness - able to see far but not near
Hyperopia
124
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Cornea or lens is not uniformly curved, so image is not sharply focused
Astigmatism
125
Identify the disease/ disorders:
One or both eye is misdirected. Results from weak eye muscles
Strabismus
126
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Phantom sound sensation, such as ringing in ears
Tinnitus
127
Identify the disease/ disorders:
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear
Meniere disease
