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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

encloses the chamber for air inspiration

A

external nose

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2
Q

cleaning, warming, and humidifying chamber for inspired air

A

nasal cavity

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3
Q

passageway for food and airs

A

pharynx

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4
Q

“voice box”; helps keep the airway constantly open, or patent.

A

larynx

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5
Q

“windpipe”; air-cleaning tube to funnel inspired air to each lung

A

trachea

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6
Q

are tubes that direct air into the lungs

A

bronchi

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7
Q

site of gas exchange between the air and the blood

A

lungs

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8
Q

Upper respiratory tract:

A

pharynx
external nose
nasal cavity
associated structures

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9
Q

Lower respiratory tract:

A

trachea
larynx
bronchi

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10
Q

nose consist of

A

nasal cavity
external nose

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11
Q

identify the structure:
it is the only visible structure

A

external nose

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12
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
external openings

A

nostrils (nares)

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13
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
openings to pharynx

A

choanae

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14
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
anterior portion of the nasal cavity

A

vestibule

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15
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
separated the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

hard palate

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16
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
divides nose into right and left parts

A

nasal septum

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17
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
boney ridges in the nasal cavity

A

conchae

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18
Q

identify the parts if the nasal cavity:
passageway beneath each conchae

A

meatus

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19
Q

pathophysiology:
inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus and it is a viral infection

A

sinusitis

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20
Q

pathophysiology:
Inflammation of bronchi impairs breathing

A

bronchitis

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21
Q

pathophysiology:
Destruction of alveolar walls and Loss of alveoli decreases surface area for gas exchange

A

emphysema

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22
Q

pathophysiology:
characterized by abnormally increased constriction of the trachea and bronchi

A

asthma

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23
Q

pathophysiology:
rapid and shallow breathing, wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath

A

asthma

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24
Q

it is the common passageway for air, food and drink

A

pharynx

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25
Q

identify the regions of the pharynx:
posterior to the choanae and superior to the soft palate

A

nasopharynx

26
Q

identify the regions of the pharynx:
epiglottis to the esophagus

A

laryngophharynx

27
Q

identify the regions of the pharynx:
soft palate to the epiglottis

A

oropharynx

28
Q

it separates the nasopharynx and oropharynx

A

soft palate

29
Q

functions of larynx

A

voice production
provide airway
acts as a switching mechanism to route air and food into proper channels (epiglottis)

30
Q

trachea descends from the larynx through the neck to the ________

A

fifth thoracic vertebra

31
Q

trachea is composed of ________ and smooth muscle reinforced with _____ C-shaped rings of ________ cartilage, which protect the trachea
and keep the airway open

A

dense regular connective tissue
15-20
hyaline

32
Q

The mucous membrane lining the trachea is made up of _______ and __________

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
goblet cells

33
Q

trachea ends by dividing into the two _____

A

pri bronchi / main bronchi

34
Q

which pri bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical

A

right pri bronchus

34
Q

how many levels of branching occur from the trachea to the smallest air tubes

35
Q

tracheobronchial tree is supported by _____ and _______

A

cartilage and smooth muscles

35
Q

how any alveoli are there

A

approx. 300 million alveoli

36
Q

____ generations of branching occur from the terminal bronchioles to the alveolar ducts

37
Q

what are the types of alveolar walls

A

type I pneumocytes
type II pneumocytes

38
Q

alveolar walls are composed of 90% ______

A

type I pneumocytes

39
Q

lungs are perfused by two circulation. what are they

A

pulmonary circulation
bronchial circulation

40
Q

identify the type of blood vessels in the lungs:
carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to the heart

A

pulmonary veins

41
Q

identify the type of blood vessels in the lungs:
supply deoxygenated systemic blood to be oxygenated

A

pulmonary arteries

42
Q

identify the type of blood vessels in the lungs:
provide systemic oxygenated blood to the lung tissue

A

bronchial arteries

43
Q

identify the type of blood vessels in the lungs:
carry the deoxygenated blood back to the heart

A

bronchial veins

44
Q

what are the 2 lymphatic supply to the lungs

A

superficial lymphatic vessels
deep lymphatic vessels

45
Q

Thin, double-layered serous membranes

46
Q

Covers the thoracic wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum

A

parietal pleura

47
Q

Covers the external lung surface

A

visceral pleura

48
Q

Negative pressure space between the parietal and visceral pleura

A

pleural cavity

49
Q

Fills the pleural cavity

A

pleural fluid

50
Q

Serves as a lubricant and holds pleural membranes together

A

pleural fluid

51
Q

identify the ventilation:
movement of air into the lungs

A

inspiration

52
Q

identify the ventilation:
movement of air out of the lungs

A

expiration

53
Q

inspiration is where muscles involved are the diaphragm and those that _____________the ribs and sternum

54
Q

expiration is where muscles actively involved are those that ___________ the ribs and sternum

55
Q

muscles of inspiration (SPED)

A

scalene muscles (@neck)
pectoralis major
external intercoastal
diaphragm

56
Q

muscles of expiration (IT)

A

internal intercoastal
transverse thoracis

57
Q

it is the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system

A

spirometry

58
Q

a device used to measure these pulmonary volumes

A

spirometer

59
Q

what factors can cause variations in Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities

A

age
sex
body size
physical condition

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) (15 decks)

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