Cardiovascular System Flashcards
functions of the heart
Generating blood pressure
Routing blood
Ensure one way blood flow
Regulating blood flow
it is shape like a blunt cone
Heart
the heart becomes _____ in physically active adults
Larger
generally decreases in size after approximately age _____ especially in people who are not physically active
65
what cavity surrounds the heart
Pericardial cavity
pericardial cavity is formed by the
Pericardium or pericardial sac
what are the 2 layers of the pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
serous pericardium is composed of -
fibrous pericardium is composed of -
Flat apithelium cells with a thin layer of CT
Fibrous CTT
serous pericardium is composed of 2 parts
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
it covers the heart surface
Visceral pericardium
serous pericardium produces
Pericardial fluid
pericardial fluid helps reduce ______
Friction
visceral pericardium is also called
Epicardium
identify the pathophysiology:
inflammation of the serous pericardium which can result from infection, diseases of connective tissue, or damage due to radiation treatment for cancer
Pericarditis
identify the pathophysiology:
fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside
Cardiac tamponade
it is located at the base of the heart
Left and right atrium
it is extend from the base of the heart toward the apex
Left and right ventricle
it extends around the heart; separates the atria from the ventricles
Coronary sulcus
identify the heart chambers:
function as a primarily reservoir
Right and left atrium
identify the heart chambers:
major pumping chambers
Left and right ventricles
right atrium receives blood from 3 major openings:
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Right and left atrium is separated from each other by
Interatrial septum
right and left atrium is separated from each other by
interventricular septum
which ventricle of the heart is thicker
left ventricle
2 types of heart valves
atrioventricular valve
semilunar valve
what are the
2 atrioventricular valves -
2 semilunar valves -
tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve
it is cone- shaped, muscular pillars inside the ventricles
papillary muscles
papillary muscles is attached by thin, strong CT strings called
chordae tendineae
the right and left artery supply blood to the ______
wall of the heart
it supplies blood to wall of the heart
coronary arteries
which layer of tissues of the heart is responsible for the contractions of the heart chambers
myocardium
which layer of tissues of the heart, allows blood to move easily through the heart
endocardium
pathophysiology:
it is the region of dead heart tissues caused by a clot
myocardial infarction
pathophysiology:
it thickens the walls of arteries and that contains deposits that are high in cholesterol and other lipids
arteriosclerotic plaque
what are the 2 classes of blood vessels
pulmonary vessels
systematic vessels
identify the class of blood vessels:
transport blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium
pulmonary vessels
identify the class of blood vessels:
transport blood from the left ventricle of the heart through all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
systematic vessels
do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood away from the heart
oxygenated blood
it is where where
the exchange of substances such as O2, nutrients, CO2, and other waste products occurs between the blood and the tissue fluid
capillaries
do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood toward the heart
deoxygenated blood
this result when the veins of the lower limbs become so dilated that the cusps of the valves no longer overlap to prevent the backflow of blood.
varicose veins
this vein is usually used as a site for drawing blood
median cubital vein
what are the 3 superficial veins
median cubital vein
basilic vein
cephalic vein
