Nervous System Flashcards
What are the functions of nervous system
(R MICE)
Receive sensory output
Maintaining homeostasis
Integrating info
Controlling muscles and glands
Establishing and maintaining mental activity.
What are the 2 diversions of the nervous system
Central
Peripheral
Central division consists of
Brain
Spinal chord
Peripheral division of the nervous system consist of
Nerves
Ganglia
What a are the 2 division of peripheral nervous system
Sensory division
Motor division
Identify the division of peripheral nervous system:
From sensory receptors to CNS
Sensory division
Identify the division of peripheral nervous system:
From CNS to effector organ
Motor division
Enumerate the cells of the nervous system
Dendrites
Axon
Neurons
Glial cells
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs
Neurons
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
carry out different activities that enhance neuron function and maintain normal conditions within nervous tissue
Glial cells
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
• short,branching cytoplasmic extensions
• receive information from other neurons
Dendrites
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
single long cell process extending from the neuron cell body
Axons
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
Receives information
Dendrites
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
Receives stimuli
Neurons
Identify the cells of the nervous system:
Conduct action potential
Neurons
Identify the type of glial cells in the CNS:
major supporting cells in the CNS
Astrocytes
Identify the type of glial cells in the CNS:
Line the fluid-filled cavities
Ependymal cells
Identify the type of glial cells in the CNS:
Act as immune cells of the CNS
Microglia
Identify the type of glial cells in the CNS:
Provide an insulating material that surrounds axons
Oligodendrocytes
Identify the type of glial cells in the PNS:
Provide insulating material around axons
Schwann cells
Identify the type of glial cells in the PNS :
Provide support and nutrition to the neurons
Satellite cells
It is the specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neurons
Myelin sheaths
It is the gaps in the myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Identify the cell type of the neurons:
It has many dendrites and one axon
Multipolar neurons
Identify the cell type of the neurons:
It has one dendrite and one axon
Bipolar neutrons
Identify the cell type of the neurons:
It appears to have a single axon
Pseudo-unipolar neutrons
It lacks the myelin sheaths
Unmyelinated axons
It is a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ
Synapse
What are the 2 groups of the nerves of the PNS
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
It extends the foremen magnum at the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra
Spinal cord
It is an involuntary reaction in despondent to a stimuli
Reflexes
What are the 2 type of reflexes
Reflex arc
Knee-jerk reflex
The spinal chord extends from the _____ at the base of the skull to the ____
Foremen magnum
Second lumbar vertebra
Identify the type of reflex:
It occurs when muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them
Knee-jerk reflex
Identify the type of reflex:
It is the basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest, simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response
Relaxes arc
It connects the spinal chord to the remainder of the brain
Brainstem
The brainstem controls the ….
Heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
The most inferior portion of the brainstem
Medulla oblongata
It is superior to the medulla oblongata
Pons
It lies superior to the pons
Midbrain
It is the smallest region of the brainstem
Midbrain
It contains ascending tract and descending nerve tract, as well as, several nuclei
Pons
It regulates the heart rate and blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, balance, and coordination
Medulla oblongata
It is involved in coordinating the eye movements and controlling pupil diameter and lens shape
Midbrain
It is attached to the brainstem
Cerebellum
Cerebellum is attached to the brainstem by several large connections called…
Cerebellum peduncles
It is the largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebrum is divided into ….
Left and right hemisphere
It is the part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum
Diencephalon
Diencephalon consists of ….
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
It is the the largest part of the diencephalon
Thalamus
It is a small area superior and posterior to the thalamus
Epithalamus
It is the most inferior part of the diencephalon
Hypothalamus
It consists of a cluster of nuclei -
It consists of a few small nuclei -
It consists of several small nuclei -
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
It controls the body temp, hunger and thirst
Hypothalamus
It influences mood and registers an unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain
Thalamus
Name all the lobes
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Identify the lobes:
It is important in the control of voluntary motor functions,
motivation, aggression, mood, and olfactory reception
Frontal lobe
Identify the lobes:
sensory information (touch, pain, temperature, and balance)
Parietal lobe
Identify the lobes:
receiving and perceiving visual input
Occipital lobe
Identify the lobes:
olfactory (smell) and auditory (hearing) sensations and plays an important role in memory
Temporal lobe
It is involved in the emotional and visceral response to odors and the pineal gland
Epithalamus
It is a connective tissue membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Name the meninges from the most superficial to deep
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What is the thickest meninges
Dura mater
It provides a protective cushion around the CNS
Cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexuses produces…
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by
Choroid plexuses
It is the accumulation of Cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles
Hydrocephalus
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
It has a set set of 12 paired nerves in the back of the brain
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves sends…
Electrical signals
Its functions are largely controlled unconsciously
Autonomic nervous system
What are the 2 division that autonomic nervous system is composed of
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
